Explanation of abbreviations, reference marks and symbols
$
Dollar(s)
(C)
Denotes change which results in neither increases or decreases
(I)
Denotes increase
(N)
Denotes addition
(R)
Denotes reduction
(X)
Denotes cancellation
APPR
Air Passenger Protection Regulations
ATPDR
Accessible Transportation for Persons with Disabilities Regulations
CAD
Canadian dollar(s)
CTA
Canadian Transportation Agency also referred to as the "Agency"
EU
European Union
IATA
International Air Transport Association
ICAO
International Civil Aviation Organization
N/A
Not applicable
No
Number
SDR
Special drawing rights
USD
United States dollar(s)
U.S. DoT
United States Department of Transportation
Rule 1: Definitions
"Agency"
means the Canadian Transportation Agency.
"APPR"
means the Air Passenger Protection Regulations.
"assistive device"
means any medical device, mobility aid, communication aid or other aid that is specially designed to assist a person with a disability with a need related to their disability.
"ATPDR"
means the Accessible Transportation for Persons with Disabilities Regulations.
"ATR"
means the Air Transportation Regulations.
"baggage"
means any good that is necessary or appropriate for the wear, use, comfort, or convenience of the passenger for the purpose of the trip. Unless otherwise specified, it shall include both checked and unchecked baggage of the passenger.
"baggage identification tag"
means a document issued by the carrier solely for identification of checked baggage, part of which is given to the passenger as a receipt for the passenger’s checked baggage and the remaining part is attached by the carrier onto a particular piece of the passenger’s checked baggage.
"bank of seats"
means passenger seats that are immediately adjacent to each other and does not include passenger seats that are across the aisle.
"bankers’ buying rate of exchange or bankers’ selling rate of exchange"
means:
In Canada, the unit rate published in the Toronto Globe and Mail Friday edition each week, as the foreign exchange mid-market rate in Canadian funds. When a national holiday falls on Friday, the rates quoted on the previous business day will be used. These rates will be applicable from Monday of the following week up to and including the following Sunday.
In the United States, the rate published each Tuesday in the Wall Street Journal under the heading Foreign Exchange. This rate will be applicable from Wednesday of each week up to and including the Tuesday of the following week. When a national holiday falls on a Monday, foreign exchange rates do not appear in the Tuesday edition of the Wall Street Journal. In such exceptional cases, the previous week’s rates are used through Wednesday instead of Tuesday, and the Wednesday edition of the Wall Street Journal will be used for the period Thursday through Tuesday of the following week.
In other countries, the rate at which a bank will purchase a given amount of foreign currency in exchange for one unit or units of the national currency of the country in which the exchange transaction takes place for the purpose of the transfer of funds through banking channels i.e., other than transactions in bank notes, travellers checks, and similar banking instruments.
"barrier"
means anything – including anything physical, architectural, technological or attitudinal, anything that is based on information or communications or anything that is the result of a policy or a practice – that hinders the full and equal participation in society of persons with an impairment, including a physical, mental, intellectual, cognitive, learning, communication or sensory impairment or a functional limitation.
"boarding area"
means the point where the passenger’s flight coupons are lifted and kept by the carrier or the point where the carrier examines the passenger’s boarding pass prior to the passenger being permitted on the aircraft.
"boarding pass"
includes either a paper document or an electronic document issued by the carrier to the passenger and serves as a record that the passenger has checked in for their flight and, when it shows a seat assignment, it permits a passenger to board a particular flight.
"boarding time deadline"
is the time limit specified by the carrier by which the passenger must be present at the designated boarding area of their flight.
"Canada"
means the ten provinces of Canada, the Yukon Territory, the Districts and Islands comprising the Northwest Territories of Canada and Nunavut.
"Carrier"
means:
Note to carrier: carrier must fill in their company name as it appears on their licence issued by the Canadian Transportation Agency.
"checked baggage"
means baggage of which the carrier takes sole custody and for which the carrier issues a baggage identification tag.
"check-in deadline"
is the time limit specified by the carrier by which the passenger must have completed check-in formalities and received a boarding pass.
"circle trip"
means any trip conducted in a continuous and circuitous route where the point of origin is also the ultimate destination but is not a round trip because it involves more than one stopover.
"code-share"
refers to a marketing agreement in which two or more airlines i.e. marketing carrier(s) sell seats using their own airline code on a flight that one of them operates (i.e. the operating carrier).
"commercial agreement"
means an agreement to sell tickets on another carrier's flight, or each other's flights (like a code-share, or a block space agreement).
“conjunction ticket”
means a ticket issued to a passenger concurrently with another ticket(s) which together constitute a single contract of carriage.
"Convention"
means the Convention for the unification of certain rules relating to international carriage by air signed at Warsaw, 12 October 1929, or that convention as amended by the Hague protocol, 1955, or the Montreal Convention signed in Montreal on 28 May, 1999 whichever may be applicable to carriage hereunder. Note: For roundtrip international transportation that originates and ends in Canada, the Montreal Convention will apply to the passenger's journey.
"curbside zone"
means an area that is located outside of a terminal where passengers are picked up or dropped off and that is owned, operated, leased or otherwise controlled by the terminal operator.
"denial of boarding"
occurs when a passenger is not permitted to occupy a seat on-board a flight because the number of seats that may be occupied on the flight is less than the number of passengers who have checked in by the required time, hold a confirmed reservation and valid travel documentation, and are present at the boarding gate at the required boarding time.
"destination"
is a deliberate break of a journey initiated by the passenger and agreed to in advance by the carrier at a point after the place of departure but before the ultimate destination has been reached. The deliberate break must be for a purpose other than changing aircraft. Transportation to a destination may involve multiple flight segments on a single ticket/itinerary.
"destination, ultimate"
see ultimate destination.
"disability"
means any impairment, including a physical, mental, intellectual, cognitive, learning, communication or sensory impairment — or a functional limitation — whether permanent, temporary or episodic in nature, or evident or not, that, in interaction with a barrier, hinders a person’s full and equal participation in society.
"domestic transportation"
means air transportation between points in Canada, from and to the same point in Canada or between points in Canada and a point outside Canada that is not in the territory of another country.
"emotional support animal"
means an animal that provides emotional support, comfort, or therapeutic benefits to meet the disability-related needs of a person with a disability, but has not been individually trained by an organization or person specializing in such training to perform a specific task to assist the person with a disability-related need.
"European Union (EU)"
means any one of the sovereign nation states that have acceded to the EU. In accordance with Article 299(2) of the Treaty Establishing the EU, this tariff also applies to overseas departments, namely Guadeloupe, French Guyana, Martinique, Reunion Island, the Azores, Madeira and the Canary Islands.
"flight coupon"
means that portion of the ticket which is either held electronically in the carrier’s database or on paper when a paper ticket is issued to a passenger. It indicates the particular points between which the passenger is entitled to transportation.
"gratuitous carriage"
means air transportation of passengers, goods or animals for no reward.
"immediate family"
means spouse, parents and grandparents, children and grandchildren, brothers and sisters, mother in law and father in law, brothers in law and sisters in law, daughters in law and sons in law. Adopted and step members are also included in immediate family.
"international transportation"
means air transportation between Canada and a point in the territory of another country.
"involuntary refunds"
means any refund made in the event:
the passenger is prevented from using all or a portion of their ticket;
the passenger's original class of service is changed to a lower class of service; or
the passenger is unable to use any additional service purchased in situations set out in:
Rule 90, Delay or cancellation – outside the carrier's control,
Rule 91, Delay or cancellation – within the carrier's control and within the carrier's control but required for safety purposes,
Rule 95, Denial of boarding – outside the carrier’s control,
Rule 96, Denial of boarding – within the carrier's control and within the carrier's control but required for safety purposes,
Rule 120, Liability of the carrier for loss, damage to or delay of baggage, passenger delay or death or bodily injury – domestic transportation, or
Rule 121, Liability of the carrier for loss, damage to or delay of baggage, passenger delay or death or bodily injury – international transportation.
Note to carrier: The APPR obligate a carrier to provide refunds of airline tickets in cases of flight delays and cancellations within the carrier’s control and outside the carrier’s control, and for denied boarding situations within the carrier’s control as indicated in Rules 90, 91, 96 of this sample tariff. The APPR also provide for refunds for any additional services or for the difference in cost for a lower class of service for any situation covered by the APPR. However, the APPR do not require that carriers provide a refund in respect of any unused portions of an airline ticket when a passenger is denied boarding for situations outside the carrier's control, or when they are refused transportation. Nevertheless, the ATR require a carrier to state its policies in respect of refunds for any unused portion of a ticket or other additional services not accounted for by the APPR or any difference in the cost of a lower class of service where this change is made as a result of a request by a passenger. The ATR also require a carrier to state its policies in respect of refunds for services purchased but not used, whether in whole or in part. Carriers are encouraged to adopt policies that ensure no passenger is left out of pocket.
"itinerary/receipt"
means a travel document or documents the carrier or its agent issues to the passenger travelling on a ticket. The itinerary/receipt contains the passenger’s name, flight information and notices relevant for the journey. This document is to be retained by the passenger during the entire journey.
"Large Carrier APPR"
is a carrier that has transported a worldwide total of two million passengers or more during each of the two preceding calendar years.
"Large Carrier ATPDR"
is a carrier that has transported a worldwide total of one million passengers or more during each of the two preceding calendar years.
"minor"
means a person who has not reached their XXth birthday on the date that travel commences.
Note to carrier: Insert the appropriate information according to your policy and consistent with Rule 65, Unaccompanied minors.
"miscellaneous charges order (MCO)"
is an accounting document, similar to an airline ticket, used to process the payment of travel arrangements. It is used for non-transport charges such as group deposits, excess baggage, optional services and various other miscellaneous charges levied by an air carrier.
"mobility aid"
means any manual or electric wheelchair, scooter, boarding chair, walker, cane, crutch, prosthesis or other aid that is specially designed to assist a person with a disability with a need related to mobility.
"normal fare"
means the highest priced fare established for a first, business or economy class service during the period of applicability.
"open-date ticket"
means a ticket issued to a passenger without the passenger having specified or made a decision concerning the date of travel. Travel is subject to a specific flight being selected to travel on, an actual reservation for space being confirmed in the carrier’s reservation system, a boarding pass being issued and the passenger meeting all carrier-imposed restrictions.
"open jaw trip"
means any trip comprising of two separate fare components with a surface break.
"origin"
means the initial starting place of the journey as shown on the ticket.
"passenger"
means any person, except members of the crew, carried or to be carried in an aircraft with the consent of the carrier pursuant to a valid contract of carriage.
"person with a disability"
means a person with any impairment, including a physical, mental, intellectual, cognitive, learning, communication or sensory impairment — or a functional limitation — whether permanent, temporary or episodic in nature, or evident or not, that, in interaction with a barrier, hinders a person’s full and equal participation in society.
"priority baggage"
means baggage that will be the last items to be stowed in the aircraft hold and the first items to be removed. Aids required for the mobility or well-being of persons with disabilities shall be treated as priority baggage.
"refusal to transport"
means, despite a passenger holding a valid ticket, the carrier will not carry or, if necessary, will remove the passenger from a flight at any point for reasons found in Rule 105, Refusal to Transport.
"required for safety purposes"
means required by law in order to reduce risk to passenger safety and includes required by safety decisions made within the authority of the pilot of the aircraft or any decision made in accordance with a safety management system as defined in subsection 101.01(1) of the Canadian Aviation Regulations but does not include scheduled maintenance in compliance with legal requirements.
"reservation"
is a record, either in paper form or in electronic form, of the accommodation held by a passenger on any given flight. The reservation would specify the date and times of travel, flight number and the class of service to be provided to the passenger.
"routing"
establishes the possible points via which travel may take place for a specific fare.
"self-reliant"
means that a person does not require services related to a disability beyond that normally provided by the carrier, or beyond that which applicable rules or regulations require the carrier to provide.
"service animal"
means an animal that is required by a person with a disability for assistance and is certified, in writing, as having been trained by a professional service animal institution to assist a person with a disability and which is properly harnessed in accordance with standards established by a professional service animal institution.
"service dog"
means a dog that has been individually trained by an organization or person specializing in service dog training to perform a task to assist a person with a disability with a need related to their disability.
"severe allergy"
means an allergy to an allergen that may cause a person to experience significant physical distress if they are directly exposed to the allergen.
"situations outside the carrier's control"
include, but are not limited to the following:
war or political instability;
illegal acts or sabotage;
meteorological conditions or natural disasters that make the safe operation of the aircraft impossible;
instructions from air traffic control;
a NOTAM, (Notice to Airmen) as defined in subsection 101.01(1) of the Canadian Aviation Regulations;
a security threat;
airport operation issues;
a medical emergency;
a collision with wildlife;
a labour disruption within the carrier or within an essential service provider such as an airport or an air navigation service provider;
a manufacturing defect in an aircraft that reduces the safety of passengers and that was identified by the manufacturer of the aircraft concerned, or by a competent authority; and
an order or instruction from an official of a state or a law enforcement agency or from a person responsible for airport security.
"Small Carrier APPR"
means any carrier that is not a Large Carrier APPR. For greater certainty, Small Carrier APPR means a carrier that has not transported a worldwide total of two million passengers or more during each of the two preceding calendar years. For the purposes of APPR, the small carrier has the same obligations as a Large Carrier APPR towards a passenger that it carries on behalf of a Large Carrier APPR under a commercial agreement with that carrier.
"Small Carrier Non-ATPDR"
means any carrier that is not a Large Carrier ATPDR. For greater certainty, Small Carrier Non-ATPDR means a carrier that has not transported a worldwide total of one million passengers or more during each of the two preceding calendar years.
"special drawing rights (SDR)"
is a unit of account of the International Monetary Fund.
"special fare"
means any fare other than a normal fare.
"stopover"
is, for the purposes of fare construction and establishing the applicable fare or fares which apply to a passenger's itinerary, a deliberate break of a journey initiated by the passenger and agreed to in advance by the carrier at a point between the place of departure and the place of ultimate destination. The deliberate break in the journey must be for a purpose other than changing aircraft and might result in a calculation of additional charges as set out in the corresponding fare rules.
"support person"
means a person who is needed by a person with a disability, because of the nature of their disability, after departure and before arrival for assistance with eating meals, taking medication, using the washroom, transferring to and from a passenger seat, orientation and communication; or for physical assistance in an emergency, including in the case of an evacuation or decompression.
"tariff"
means a schedule of fares, rates, charges or terms and conditions of carriage applicable to the provision of an air service and other incidental services.
"tarmac delay"
occurs when a flight is delayed on the tarmac after the doors of the aircraft are closed for take-off or after the flight has landed.
"ticket"
means either a paper or electronic document issued by or on behalf of the carrier which includes the passenger’s flight coupons. The ticket serves as evidence of payment of air fare and constitutes for the passenger proof of their contract of carriage. In instances where a ticket exists as an electronic document, the carrier issues to the passenger, as proof of purchase, an itinerary/receipt.
"traffic"
means any persons or goods that are transported by air.
"transfer point"
means any point at which the passenger transfers between aircraft.
"travel credit"
means a monetary credit that has been issued to the passenger, based on purchased but not used fares and additional services or as compensation provided by the carrier pursuant to APPR requirements. The credit may be used as payment towards future travel and it cannot expire.
"ultimate destination"
is the ultimate stopping place according to the tariff/contract of carriage as shown on the ticket/itinerary. In round trip itineraries, the ultimate destination and the origin are the same.
"unchecked baggage"
means any baggage (carry-on) accompanying the passenger other than checked baggage.
"United States of America" or the "United States" or the "U.S.A."
means the area comprising the 48 contiguous Federated States, The Federal District of Columbia, Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Guam, Midway and Wake Islands.
"voluntary refunds"
means a refund of an unused or partially used ticket, or for the difference in cost for a lower class of service for any situation not covered by the APPR, or for an additional service for reasons other than those mentioned under the definition of an involuntary refund.
"voucher"
means a document or certificate provided by the carrier, either in paper or electronic format, to a passenger which acts as a form of payment. A voucher has a certain monetary value associated with it which is established by the carrier and may be used towards the purchase of future travel or additional services offered by the carrier or the provision of incidental services such as meals, ground transportation, and hotel accommodation. Vouchers may be provided by the carrier as a goodwill gesture.
Note to carrier: Carriers must state their policies as they pertain to vouchers, including if they are subject to expiration.
Rule 5: Application of tariff
(A) General
This tariff shall apply to carriage of passengers and their accompanying baggage, and to all services incidental thereto:
For carriage on flights operated and marketed (carrying a [Carrier Name] flight number) to a passenger by [Carrier Name], and
For carriage on flights marketed by [Carrier Name] to a passenger but operated by another carrier.
With the exception of code-share agreements, when the carrier issues a ticket, baggage check, or makes any other arrangements for transportation over the services of, and in the name of, any other carrier (whether or not such transportation is part of a through service), the carrier acts only as agent for such other carrier and the tariff of that other carrier will apply.
Air transportation will be subject to the rules, rates, fares and charges published or referred to in this tariff, in effect on the date of the ticket issuance.
Note to carrier: Carriers are reminded that different jurisdictions may have differing regulations as to pricing. Carriers should consult the appropriate regulations of those jurisdictions to which they intend to operate so as to ensure conformity.
Unless the fare rule governing a specific fare basis code applicable to the transportation purchased by the passenger states otherwise, the general rules contained in this tariff will apply.
The contents of this tariff constitute the contract between the carrier and the passenger. Should there be a conflict between this tariff and any other document issued or posted by the carrier, this tariff will prevail.
The carrier’s rules, regulations and conditions of carriage as found in this tariff are subject to change without notice only when required by applicable laws, government regulations, orders and requirements.
(B) Liability under the applicable tariff
For international transportation, in the case of damages due to death or bodily injury, passenger delay and lost, damaged, and delayed baggage, the carrier will be subject to the rules relating to liability established by, and to all other provisions of either the Warsaw or the Montreal Convention. The carrier may stipulate that the limits of liability contained in this tariff are higher than those provided for within the applicable Convention or that there are no limits of liability whatsoever. In all other instances, tariff rules which are inconsistent with any provision of the applicable Convention will, to that extent, be inapplicable to international transportation (see Rule 121, Liability - international transportation).
For domestic transportation, under the provisions of the APPR, the carrier is subject to the same rules and liability limits as found in the Montreal Convention for lost and damaged baggage. For delayed baggage, the carrier sets out limits of liability and related terms and conditions which are consistent with the Montreal Convention in this domestic tariff. (see Rule 120, Liability - domestic transportation).
Note to Carrier: The rules around liability for delayed baggage has changed due to Federal Court of Appeal Decision in (2022 FCA 211. This has resulted in the repeal of certain baggage requirements under the APPR. For a complete explanation on the change that has taken place to the rules around liability for delayed baggage for domestic services, see the Note to Carrier in Rule 120, Liability - domestic transportation.
Carrier liability under the APPR:
The carrier operating a flight is liable to passengers with respect to the obligations set out in sections 7 to 22 and 24 of the APPR, or, if they are more favourable to those passengers, the obligations on the same matter that are set out in the applicable tariff.
However, if one carrier carries passengers on behalf of another carrier under a commercial agreement, the carriers are jointly and severally, or solidarily, liable to those passengers with respect to the obligations set out in sections 7, 22 and 24 of the APPR, or, if they are more favourable to those passengers, the obligations on the same matter that are set out in the applicable tariff.
(C) Overriding law/severability
If any provision contained or referred to in the ticket or this tariff is found to be contrary to an applicable law, government regulation, order or requirement, which cannot be waived by agreement of the parties, such provision, to the extent that it is invalid, shall be severed from the ticket or tariff and the remaining provisions shall continue to be in full force and effect.
(D) Gratuitous carriage
[Insert Policy]
Note to carrier: Insert the appropriate provision based on your policy on gratuitous carriage of passengers, bearing in mind, the provisions of APPR and the Convention apply to all passengers.
(E) Passenger recourse
Any compensation offered to passengers is found in this tariff and is subject to applicable government regulations.
In the case of dispute with [Carrier Name], passengers should, as the first recourse, try to resolve any problem by dealing directly with the carrier. If the passenger has attempted to resolve a complaint with the carrier and is still not satisfied, the passenger may take the matter to either the Canadian Transportation Agency or the appropriate court, as the passenger prefers.
(F) Modification and waiver
No agent, servant or representative of the carrier has the authority to alter, modify, or waive any provisions of this tariff.
(G) Self identification – large or small carrier
APPR
For the purposes of establishing obligations toward passengers under the APPR, [Carrier Name] declares that it is a [Large Carrier APPR] or [Small Carrier APPR].
Note to carrier: The APPR differentiates certain provisions as being applicable only to small or large carriers. According to the definition found in the APPR:
Large Carrier APPR means a carrier that has transported a worldwide total of two million passengers or more during each of the two preceding calendar years;
Small Carrier APPR means any carrier that is not a Large Carrier APPR. For greater certainty, Small Carrier APPR means a carrier that has not transported a worldwide total of two million passengers or more during each of the two preceding calendar years. For the purposes of APPR, the small carrier has the same obligations as a Large Carrier APPR towards a passenger that it carries on behalf of a Large Carrier APPR under a commercial agreement with that carrier.
The following rules differentiate between large and small carriers:
Rule 90, Delay or cancellation – outside the carrier's control
Rule 91, Delay or cancellation – within the carrier's control and within the carrier's control but required for safety purposes
Rule 95, Denial of boarding – outside the carrier's control
Rule 96, Denial of boarding – within the carrier's control and within the carrier's control but required for safety purposes
Accessibility for persons with disabilities
For the purposes of establishing obligations toward passengers with disabilities under the ATPDR or otherwise, [Carrier Name] declares that it is [a Large Carrier ATPDR and that it has included a statement on its website indicating that it is subject to the ATPDR ] or [a Small Carrier Non-ATPDR operating aircraft with 30 or more passenger seats] or [a Small Carrier Non-ATPDR operating aircraft with 29 or less passenger seats].
Note to carrier: The ATPDR imposes requirements on all carriers that meet the definition of Large Carrier ATPDR, being an air carrier that provides passenger services within and to and from Canada and that transported a worldwide total of 1,000,000 passengers or more during each of the two preceding calendar years. For any other carrier that is not subject to the ATPDR, it will have accessibility obligations toward persons with disabilities based on other instruments, such as the ATR and the Agency's Codes of Practice, or on human rights principles.
The following rules differentiate between the terms and conditions of carriage for persons with disabilities for large and small carriers:
Rule 69, Carriage of persons with disabilities – Large Carrier ATPDR
Rule 70, Carriage of persons with disabilities – Small Carrier Non-ATPDR operating aircraft with 30 or more passenger seats
Rule 71, Carriage of persons with disabilities – Small Carrier non-ATPDR operating aircraft with 29 or less passenger seats
Note to carrier: Carriers will adopt either Rule 69, or Rules 70 and/or 71 based on their declaration in (2) above. Carriers that are not subject to the ATPDR, the ATR or the Agency's codes of practice are nevertheless required to set out in their tariffs their terms and conditions of carriage for persons with disabilities. Carriers are strongly encouraged to adopt and apply Rules 69, 70 and/or 71 as appropriate.
Should a carrier that is not subject to the ATPDR, the ATR or the Agency's codes of practice choose not to adopt one of these rules, it must replace it with a rule that sets out its terms and conditions of carriage for persons with disabilities being mindful of human rights obligations under Canadian law.
Part II – Before departure
Rule 10: Application of fares and charges
(A) General
Applicable fares are those published by or on behalf of the carrier or, if not published, constructed in accordance with the carrier’s tariff.
Fares and charges will apply only to air transportation between the points named on the ticket. Ground transfer services, unless otherwise specified in Rule 85, Ground transfer services, will be arranged by the passenger and at their own expense and are not subject to the terms of this tariff.
(B) Fares in effect
Subject to government requirements and this tariff:
The applicable fare is the fare in effect on the date of the ticket issuance.
Note to carrier: Carriers are reminded that different jurisdictions may have differing regulations as to pricing. Carriers should consult the appropriate regulations of those jurisdictions to which they intend to operate so as to ensure conformity.
(C) Routing
Unless otherwise provided in the carrier’s tariff, fares apply only to their associated routing.
If there is more than one routing associated with a fare, the passenger, prior to their ticket being issued, may specify the routing they prefer. If no routing is specified, the carrier may determine the routing. (See Rule 50, Routings)
(D) Taxes and charges
Any tax or charge imposed by government or other authority, or by the operator of an airport, in respect of a passenger or the use by a passenger of any services or facilities will be in addition to the published fares and charges and will be payable by the passenger, except as otherwise provided in the carrier’s tariff. (See Rule 15, Taxes)
(E) Currency of fares
All fares and charges are stated in Canadian dollars for travel commencing in Canada.
All fares and charges are stated in U.S. dollars for travel commencing in the United States.
All fares and charges, for travel commencing outside Canada or the United States, are stated in the local currency of the country where travel commences, except to the extent that IATA rules provide for the establishment of fares in another currency.
Note to carrier: The carrier may wish to include in this Rule specific provisions about particular types of fares (such as round trips, circle trips) or fare construction details which are specific to the nature of the carrier’s operation.
Rule 15: Taxes
(A) General
Taxes imposed by governments are payable by the passenger and are in addition to the published or constructed fare.
At the time of the ticket purchase, the passenger will be advised by the carrier of all the taxes appearing on the ticket.
Taxes will be shown separately on the ticket.
The conditions under which taxes are imposed, collected or refunded are established by the taxing authority (domestic or foreign) and in all cases will be respected. As a result, the carrier will either collect new or higher amounts or refund all or a portion of the tax paid based on the conditions imposed by the taxing authority.
Rule 20: Methods of payment
(A) General
The following is a list of payment options accepted by the carrier for the payment of tickets and services offered by the carrier:
Cash in currencies acceptable to the carrier
Credit card
Bank debit card, where facilities permit
Certified cheques
Bank drafts
MCOs (miscellaneous charges orders)
Travel credits
Vouchers
Travelers cheques
Redeemable travel points or travel miles.
Note to carrier: If you accept other methods of payment, please ensure that these other methods are detailed in this Rule. Furthermore, if you have restrictions related to forms of payment, such as use of credit card only for the purchase of tickets or services, this must be set out in this Rule.
Rule 25: Currency of payment
(A) General
Currency provisions are subject to government regulations and applicable foreign exchange regulations.
When travel commences in Canada, payment for tickets will be in Canadian dollars at the Canadian dollar fare, or its equivalent in other currencies converted to Canadian dollars at the bankers’ buying rate of exchange.
When travel commences in the United States, payment for tickets will be in U.S. dollars at the U.S. dollar fare, or its equivalent in other currencies converted to U.S. dollars at the bankers’ buying rate of exchange.
When travel originates outside Canada/United States but payment is made in Canada, the published fare in anything other than Canadian dollars will be converted to Canadian currency at the bankers’ buying rate of exchange.
When travel originates outside Canada/United States but payment is made in the United States, the published fare in anything other than U.S. dollars will be converted to U.S. currency at the bankers’ buying rate of exchange.
When travel originates outside Canada/United States and payment is not made in Canada or the United States, the published fare will be converted to local currency at the bankers’ buying rate of exchange.
Rule 30: Classes of service
(A) First class or class “F”
The first class section will be located in the area of the aircraft designated by the carrier as first class.
Separate check-in facilities will be provided for passengers in first class seating, when airport space and staffing permit.
Passengers in first class seating will be afforded the use of first class lounges where such facilities exist.
Passengers seated in the first class section will be provided first class services.
First class services will consist of:
[Carrier to define its services here]
(B) Business class or class “C”
The business class section will be located in the area of the aircraft designated by the carrier as business class.
Separate check-in facilities will be provided for passengers in business class seating where such facilities exist.
Passengers seated in the business class section will be provided business class service.
Business class services will consist of:
[Carrier to define its services here]
(C) Economy class or class “Y”
The economy class/tourist class section will be located in the area of the aircraft designated by the carrier as economy class.
Passengers seated in the economy class section will be provided economy class service.
Economy class services will consist of:
[Carrier to define its services here]
Note to carrier: The above noted provisions will need to be tailored to reflect your operations and services offered. Please amend accordingly.
Rule 40: Reservations
(A) General
A reservation for space on a specific flight is valid when the availability and allocation of the space is entered into the carrier’s reservation system, a confirmation number/code is obtained from the carrier which authenticates the reservation, the passenger has paid the appropriate fare, and a ticket has been issued for that space.
The carrier will only issue a ticket against a valid reservation. Subject to payment or other satisfactory arrangements and passenger compliance with the check-in time limits set out in paragraph (E) below, a ticket will be issued to the passenger by the carrier or agent of the carrier indicating that the passenger is holding confirmed space for the flight(s) shown on the ticket. The ticket will only apply between the points named on the ticket and the flight coupons that are presented.
On any specific flight, the carrier may limit the number of passengers carried at any specific fare. All fares will not necessarily be available on all flights. The number of seats which the carrier shall make available on a specific flight will be determined by the carrier’s best judgment as to the anticipated total number of passengers on each flight.
A passenger who is holding an unused open-date ticket or a portion of that ticket or is in possession of another electronic document issued to the passenger by the carrier which entitles the passenger to onward travel, or who wishes to change their reservation for another date, will not be entitled to any preferential right to secure a new reservation.
For provisions related to the assignment of seats on-board an aircraft for all passengers including children, see Rule 41, Seat assignment for passengers including the seating of children under the age of 14 years.
For more specific provisions related to the assignment of seats on-board an aircraft for persons with disabilities, see:
Note to carrier: Carrier to choose from the following based on its declaration in Rule 5(G)(2) above.
[Rule 69(C)(1)(b)-(c), Reservations and online services], or
[Rule 70(C)(1)(b)-(d), Reservations – information about services and seating assignments], and/or
[Rule 71(C)(1)(c)-(e), Reservations – information about services and seating assignments.]
For more specific provisions related to making reservations in an accessible manner for persons with disabilities, see:
Rule 69(C)(3), Reservations and online services
Note to carrier: This is an obligation for Large Carriers ATPDR. Small Carriers Non-ATPDR are encouraged to offer alternative means of making a reservation in an accessible manner, as noted in Rule 69(C)(3).
The carrier will not accept a reservation for a child under 5 years of age who will be travelling alone, irrespective of whether the child's parent or guardian wishes to use the carrier's unaccompanied minors (UM) service for their child to travel alone. (see Rule 60, Acceptance of children and Rule 65, Unaccompanied minors)
Note to carrier: This is an obligation for international transportation according to paragraph 122(d) of the ATR; however, this is not an obligation for purely domestic transportation. Canadian carriers may be prepared to accept younger children, and if so they should set out their policy here.
(B) Cancellation of reservations
The carrier may cancel reservations of any passenger:
If circumstances require due to situations within a carrier's control as defined in Rule 1, Definitions and applied in Rule 91, Delays or cancellation – within the carrier's control and within the carrier's control but required for safety purposes or Rule 96, Denial of boarding – within the carrier's control and within the carrier's control but required for safety purposes;
If circumstances require due to situations outside a carrier's control as defined in Rule 1, Definitions and applied in Rule 90, Delays or cancellation- outside the carrier's control or Rule 95, Denial of boarding – outside the carrier's control;
If circumstances require due to any situation identified in and applied in Rule 105, Refusal to transport; or,
When the passenger has failed to meet check-in or boarding gate requirements set out in paragraph (E) below.
If the carrier cancels a passenger’s reservation due to (B)(1)(a) (above), the passenger may be eligible to take advantage of the provisions found in Rule 91, Delays or cancellation – within the carrier's control and within the carrier's control but required for safety purposes or Rule 96, Denial of boarding – within the carrier's control and within the carrier's control but required for safety purposes.
If the carrier cancels a passenger’s reservation due to (B)(1)(b) (above), the passenger may be eligible to take advantage of the provisions found in Rule 90, delays or cancellation – outside the carrier's control or Rule 95 Denial of boarding – outside the carrier's control.
If the carrier cancels a passenger's reservation due to (B)(1)(c) (above), the passengers will be treated in accordance with the provisions of Rule 105, Refusal to transport.
(C) Passenger’s responsibility
The passenger must arrive at the airport with sufficient time to complete check-in, government formalities, security clearance and the departure process while meeting the time limits detailed in (E) below. Flights will not be delayed for passengers who have not completed any of these pre-boarding requirements.
Note to carrier: If the carrier requires additional time for preparing services for persons with disabilities in advance of completing the check-in and/or departure process such as disassembling or reassembling a mobility aid, the carrier must state its policies in that regard in its tariff under Rule 69(G)(4)(b) Acceptance of mobility aids and other assistive devices; Rule 70(G) Acceptance of mobility aids and other assistive devices; or Rule 71(G) Acceptance of aids.
The passenger should provide the carrier with their preferred means of communication from among means offered by the carrier (for example, email address and/or telephone numbers) when the carrier solicits point of contact information from the passenger in case the carrier must communicate with the passenger prior to their departure or at any point during the passenger’s itinerary. The carrier has an obligation to communicate information to its passengers as per Rule 97, Communication of information – cancellation, delay, tarmac delay, or denial of boarding.
Note to carrier: If the carrier has policies in regard to the consequences if the passenger fails to comply with their responsibilities as outlined above, they must be stipulated here.
(D) Failure to occupy seat
If the passenger does not occupy space which has been reserved by/for them and the carrier is not notified of the cancellation of such reservation up to and until the scheduled departure of that particular flight, the carrier will [carrier to insert its policy regarding consequences to the passenger here].
Note to carrier: The times above are examples of common times wherever travel is taking place. If certain circumstances require a passenger to check-in or present themselves at the boarding gate earlier than the above deadlines, carriers should set out such circumstances and the related deadlines (e.g. to reflect additional time that might be needed to disassemble, package, and stow a person with a disability's power wheelchair at certain airports).
If the passenger fails to meet either the check-in/baggage drop off deadline or the boarding gate deadline specified in the above chart, the carrier may reassign any pre-reserved seat and/or cancel the reservation of the passenger and the carrier may not be able to transport the passenger’s baggage.
Note to carrier: If the carrier has policies in regard to consequences if the passenger fails to comply with the time limits as outlined above, they must be stipulated here.
Rule 41: Seat assignment for passengers including the seating of children under the age of 14 years
(A) Applicability
This Rule applies to all passengers irrespective of the type of fare on which they are travelling or have purchased.
Unaccompanied children will be carried pursuant to the provisions of Rule 65, Unaccompanied minors.
The carrier will not accept a reservation for a child under 5 years of age who will be travelling alone, irrespective of whether the child's parent or guardian wishes to use the carrier's unaccompanied minors (UM) service for their child to travel alone.
Note to carrier: This is an obligation for international transportation according to paragraph 122(d) of the ATR. However, this is not an obligation on purely domestic transportation. Canadian carriers may be prepared to accept younger children, and if so they should lay out their policy here and in Rule 65, Unaccompanied minors.
(B) Seat assignment
The carrier does not guarantee the assignment of any particular space on the aircraft.
Advance seat selection
The passenger may pre-select a seat once they have purchased their ticket when booking a fare. If a passenger is choosing a specific seat, a fee may be assessed based on the conditions of the fare purchased (unless the seat is required to meet a disability related need – see (3) below). Nonetheless, complimentary seat selection is available at the time of check-in.
Note to carrier: If a carrier charges for advance seat selection, then it must set out those charges below.
The advance seat selection fee will be charged per passenger and will be applied as set out in the table below:
Applicable fees for travel:
Applicable fees for travel
Type of service
Seat selection fee within Canada
Seat selection fee between Canada and the USA
Seat selection fee between Canada and international points
First class
(Carrier to complete table)
Business class
Full fare economy class
Special or discounted fares seated in economy class section of the aircraft
Seat selection fees will be refunded if:
the carrier must move the passenger from their pre-paid, pre-selected seat due to an involuntary schedule or airport change or due to safety or operational reasons,
the passenger has a confirmed upgrade to a Normal Fare prior to flight check-in, or,
[Otherwise, state refund policy for seat selection fees for other situations]
Note to carrier: If the carrier has policies regarding the refundability of seat selection fees, they are required to outline those policies here.
Exception: A person with a disability who requires a specific seat to meet a disability-related need will not be charged a seat selection fee.
For additional obligations on seat assignment for persons with disabilities, including persons who need additional adjacent seating, see:
Note to carrier: Carrier to choose from the following based on its declaration in Rule 5(G)(2) above.
[Rule 69(C)(1)(b)-(c), Reservations and online services], and Rule 69(F) Services for which advance notice is required], or
[Rule 70(C)(1)(b)-(d), Reservations – information about services and seating assignments], and/or
[Rule 71(C)(1)(c)-(e), Reservations – information about services and seating assignments]
(C) Assignment of seats to accompanied children under the age of 14 years
In order to facilitate the assignment of a seat to a child who is under the age of 14 years that is in close proximity to an accompanying person (parent, guardian or tutor) in accordance with part (D) (below), the carrier will, at no additional charge:
assign a seat before check-in to the child that is in close proximity to the accompanying person, or
if the carrier does not assign seats prior to check-in, in accordance with paragraph (a), the carrier will:
advise passengers before check-in that the carrier will facilitate seat assignment of children in close proximity to an accompanying person at no additional charge at the time of check-in or at the boarding gate,
assign seats at the time of check-in, if possible,
if it is not possible to assign seats at the time of check-in, the carrier will, via an announcement at the gate, ask for volunteers to change seats at the time of boarding, and
if it is not possible to assign seats at the time of check-in and no passenger has volunteered to change seats at the time of boarding, the carrier will ask again for volunteers on-board the aircraft to change seats before take-off.
(D) Proximity to accompanying person's seat
The carrier will facilitate, pursuant to the steps outlined in (C) (above), the assignment of a seat to a child who is under the age of 14 years by offering, at no additional charge:
in the case of a child who is 4 years of age or younger, a seat that is adjacent to their accompanying person’s seat;
in the case of a child who is 5 to 11 years of age, a seat that is in the same row as their accompanying person’s seat, and that is separated from that accompanying person’s seat by no more than one seat; and
in the case of a child who is 12 or 13 years of age, a seat that is in a row that is separated from the row of their accompanying person’s seat by no more than one row.
(E) Difference in price
If the passenger who is assigned seating in accordance with (D)(1) (above) is seated in a lower class of service than their ticket provides, the carrier will reimburse the price difference between the classes of service.
If the passenger who is assigned seating in accordance with (D)(1) (above) chooses a seat that is in a higher class of service than their tickets provide, the carrier [will /will not] request supplementary payment representing the price difference between the classes of service.
Note to carrier: Carrier will select either to collect or not collect a supplementary payment in (E)(2).
Rule 45: Stopovers
(A) General
Stopovers will be permitted under the following conditions:
Stopovers must be arranged with the carrier in advance and specified on the ticket.
Specific fare rules may not permit stopovers or limit the number of stopovers allowed or there may be an additional charge for stopovers based on the fare purchased by the passenger. Refer to the rule applicable to the fare in question for further information.
If a portion of a journey is travelled by surface transportation, a stopover will be deemed to have taken place for such transportation.
For travel within Canada and between Canada and the U.S.A: A deliberate interruption of a journey for more than 4 hours will constitute a stopover.
For travel to/from Canada except within Canada and between Canada and the U.S.A: No stopover will have occurred if the passenger departs the connecting point on the date of arrival or if there is no scheduled connecting departure on the date of arrival, the passenger’s departure occurs the next day and within 24 hours of arrival at the connecting point.
Rule 50: Routings
(A) Application
A routing is applicable only to the fares which are specifically associated with it.
A routing may be travelled via any or all of the cities named in the carrier's routing diagram, unless otherwise restricted.
All or part of the applicable routing may result in non-stop travel.
An intermediate point(s) specified along the routing may be omitted.
All routings are applicable in either direction, unless otherwise restricted.
For those routings permitting choice of carrier for carriage between the same points, only one of those carriers may be used.
Where no carrier is indicated between two points, travel is limited to [Carrier Name].
If more than one routing is applicable via the same fare, the passenger, and prior to the issuance of the ticket, may specify the routing. If no routing is specified by the passenger, the carrier will determine the routing.
Rule 54: Interline baggage acceptance
Definitions
"airline designator code"
means an identification code comprised of two-characters which is used for commercial and traffic purposes such as reservations, schedules, timetables, ticketing, tariffs and airport display systems. Airline designators are assigned by IATA. When this code appears on a ticket, it reflects the carrier that is marketing the flight, which might be different from the carrier operating the flight.
"baggage rules"
means the conditions associated with the acceptance of baggage, services incidental to the transportation of baggage, allowances and all related charges. For example, baggage rules may address the following topics:
The maximum weight and dimensions of passenger bags, if applicable, both checked and unchecked;
The number of checked and unchecked passenger bags that can be transported and the applicable charges;
Excess and oversized baggage charges;
Charges related to check-in, collection and delivery of checked baggage;
Acceptance of and charges related to special items, e.g. surf boards, pets, bicycles;
Baggage provisions related to prohibited or unacceptable items, including embargoes;
Terms or conditions that would alter or impact the baggage allowances and charges applicable to passengers (e.g. frequent flyer status, early check-in, pre-purchasing baggage allowances with a particular credit card); and,
Other rules governing treatment of baggage at stopover points, including passengers subject to special baggage allowances or charges.
"down line carrier"
means any carrier, other than the selecting carrier, that is identified as providing interline transportation to the passenger by virtue of the passenger’s ticket.
"interline agreement"
means an agreement between two or more carriers to co-ordinate the transportation of passengers and their baggage from the flight of one air carrier to the flight of another air carrier (through to the next point of stopover).
"interline itinerary"
means all flights reflected on a single ticket involving multiple air carriers. Only travel on a single ticket is subject to the Agency’s Decision No. 144-A-2014 related to Interline Baggage Rules for Canada provided the origin or the ultimate ticketed destination is a point in Canada.
"interline travel"
means travel involving multiple air carriers listed on a single ticket that is purchased via a single transaction.
"marketing carrier"
means the carrier that sells flights under its code.
"most significant carrier (MSC)"
is determined by a methodology, established by IATA (Resolution 302), which establishes, for each portion of a passenger's itinerary where baggage is checked through to a new stopover point, which carrier will be performing the most significant part of the service. For travelers under the Resolution 302 system, the baggage rules of the MSC will apply. For complex itineraries involving multiple checked baggage points, there may be more than one MSC, resulting in the application of differing baggage rules through an itinerary.
"most significant carrier (MSC) – IATA Resolution 302 as conditioned by the Agency"
means that in this instance, the MSC is determined by applying IATA Resolution 302 methodology as conditioned by the Agency in its Decision No. 144-A-2014. The Agency’s reservation has stipulated that only a single set of baggage rules may apply to any given interline itinerary. The aim of the Agency’s reservation is to allow the selecting carrier to use the MSC methodology to determine which carrier's baggage rules apply to an international interline itinerary to or from Canada, while reinforcing the role of tariffs in the determination of which carrier’s rules apply.
"operating carrier"
means the carrier that operates the actual flight.
"participating carrier(s)"
includes both the selecting carrier and down line carriers who have been identified as providing interline transportation to the passenger by virtue of the passenger’s ticket.
"selected carrier"
means the carrier whose baggage rules apply to the entire interline itinerary.
"selecting carrier"
means the carrier whose designator code is identified on the first flight segment of the passenger’s ticket at the beginning of an interline itinerary issued on a single ticket whose origin or ultimate destination is in Canada.
"single ticket"
is a document that permits travel from origin to destination. It may include interline/code-share and intra-line segments. It may also include end-to-end combinations (i.e., stand alone fares that can be bought separately but combined together to form one price).
"summary page at the end of an online purchase"
is a page on a carrier’s Web site which summarizes the details of a ticket purchase transaction just after the passenger has agreed to purchase the ticket from the carrier and has provided a form of payment.
"ultimate ticketed destination"
means in situations where a passenger’s origin is a non-Canadian point and the itinerary includes at least one stop in Canada, as well as at least one stop outside of Canada. If the stop in Canada is the farthest checked point and the stop is more than 24 hours, the Agency would consider the ultimate ticketed destination to be Canada.
(A) Applicability
This Rule is applicable to all interline itineraries issued on a single ticket whose origin or ultimate ticketed destination is in Canada.
It establishes how the carrier will determine which carrier’s baggage rules apply to any passenger’s entire interline itinerary.
(B) General
For the purposes of interline baggage acceptance:
the carrier whose designator code is identified on the first segment of the passenger’s interline ticket will be known as the selecting carrier.
any carrier who is identified as providing interline transportation to the passenger by virtue of the passenger’s ticket will be known as a participating carrier.
(C) Baggage rule determination by selecting carrier
Checked baggage
The selecting carrier will:
Select and apply its own baggage rules as set out in its tariff to the entire interline itinerary.
OR
Select the MSC, as determined by IATA Resolution 302 as conditioned by the Agency , in order for that carrier’s baggage rules, as established in its tariff, to apply to the entire interline itinerary.
The carrier identified by means of (a) or (b) will be known as the selected carrier.
Carry-on baggage
Each operating carrier’s carry-on baggage allowances will apply to each flight segment in an interline itinerary. Notwithstanding, the carry-on baggage charges that will apply to the entire interline itinerary will be those of the selected carrier.
Note to carrier: Pursuant to IATA Rule 302 as conditioned by the Agency:
The selecting carrier may choose to apply a consistent approach (ie., it always selects its own rules to apply) irrespective of the circumstances.
Given that a carrier may choose to apply its own baggage rules if it is the selecting carrier, or be chosen by another carrier to be the selected carrier whose baggage rules apply to an interline itinerary, a carrier must ensure that its own baggage rules related to checked and unchecked items, in the context of interline transportation, address the following topics:
The maximum weight and dimensions of passenger bags, if applicable, both checked and unchecked;
The number of checked and unchecked passenger bags that can be transported and the applicable charges;
Excess and oversized baggage charges;
Charges related to check in, collection and delivery of checked baggage;
Acceptance of and charges related to special items, e.g. surf boards, pets, bicycles;
Baggage provisions related to prohibited or unacceptable items, including embargoes;
Terms or conditions that would alter or impact the baggage allowances and charges applicable to passengers (e.g. frequent flyer status, early check in, pre-purchasing baggage allowances with a particular credit card); and,
Other rules governing treatment of baggage at stopover points, including passengers subject to special baggage allowances or charges.
The carrier must be aware of the following and must amend its own baggage rules to address the following matters:
Passenger’s special status
The baggage rules, as set out in the applicable carrier’s tariff, chosen at the beginning of a passenger’s itinerary will determine what entitlements the passenger is eligible for based on their status, by virtue of the fare the passenger purchased, their frequent flyer status or other factors.
Stopovers
The baggage rules, as set out in the applicable carrier’s tariff, chosen at the beginning of a passenger’s itinerary will determine whether a passenger’s baggage allowance and charges may be applied at each checked point or whether it is the carrier’s policy to apply the charges only one time in each direction.
Carry on
Each operating carrier’s carry-on baggage allowances will apply per flight segment. The carrier should make reference to this in its tariff.
Embargoes
Embargoes applicable to any operating carrier participating in an interline itinerary will be taken into account when determining the baggage allowances and charges that apply to the passenger’s travel. Embargoes must be specified in any carrier’s tariff.
Transportation of special items
Likewise, there may be certain circumstances which prevent or in some manner adversely affect the transport of baggage on an itinerary e.g. oversized or overweight baggage, such as surfboards, pets, bicycles, etc. In these cases, any participating carrier in a passenger’s interline itinerary may apply these restrictions to the passenger’s travel as long as they are reflected in that carrier’s tariff under its own baggage rules.
Transportation of assistive devices, including mobility aids, for persons with disabilities
Persons with disabilities may need to refer to the respective carriers on their itinerary to determine their policies with respect to the transportation of assistive devices on interline itineraries.
(D) Baggage rule application by participating carrier
Where the carrier is not the selected carrier on an interline itinerary but is a participating carrier that is providing transportation to the passenger based on the ticket issued, the carrier will apply as its own the baggage rules of the selected carrier throughout the interline itinerary.
(E) Disclosure of baggage rules
Summary page at the end of an online purchase and e-ticket disclosure
For baggage rules provisions related to a passenger’s 1st and 2nd checked bag and the passenger’s carry-on baggage (i.e., the passenger’s “standard” baggage allowance), when the carrier sells and issues a ticket for an interline itinerary, it will disclose to the passenger on any summary page at the end of an online purchase and on the passenger’s itinerary/receipt and e-ticket at the time of ticketing the baggage information relevant to the passenger itinerary as set out in paragraph (2) below. The disclosed information will reflect the baggage rules of the selected carrier.
The carrier will disclose the following information:
size and weight limits of the bags, if applicable;
terms or conditions that would alter or impact a passenger’s standard baggage allowances and charges (e.g. frequent flyer status, early check-in, pre-purchasing baggage allowances with a particular credit card);
existence of any embargoes that may be applicable to the passenger’s itinerary; and,
application of baggage allowances and charges (i.e., whether they are applied once per direction or if they are applicable at each stopover point).
The carrier will provide this information in text format on the passenger’s e-ticket confirmation. Any fee information provided for carry-on bags and the first and second checked bag will be expressed as specific charges (i.e., not a range).
Web site disclosure
The carrier will disclose on its Web site, in a convenient and prominent location, a complete and comprehensive summary of all of the carrier’s own baggage rules, including information concerning:
The maximum weight and dimensions of passenger bags, if applicable, both checked and unchecked;
The number of checked and unchecked passenger bags that can be transported and the applicable charges;
Excess and oversized baggage charges;
Charges related to check in, collection and delivery of checked baggage;
Acceptance of and charges related to special items, e.g. surf boards, pets, bicycles;
Baggage provisions related to prohibited or unacceptable items, including embargoes;
Terms or conditions that would alter or impact the baggage allowances and charges applicable to passengers (e.g. frequent flyer status, early check in, pre-purchasing baggage allowances with a particular credit card); and,
Other rules governing treatment of baggage at stopover points, including passengers subject to special baggage allowances or charges.
Rule 55: Baggage acceptance
(A) Applicability
This Rule only applies to flights operated by [Carrier Name] ("the carrier") for single carrier (i.e. online) transportation of baggage and interline transportation of baggage where the carrier is selected to apply its own baggage rules to an entire interline itinerary.
(B) General conditions of acceptance of checked and unchecked baggage
The carrier will accept for transportation as baggage, any good that is necessary or appropriate for the wear, use, comfort or convenience of the passenger for the purpose of the trip, subject to the following:
Checked baggage
Once the carrier takes possession of the passenger’s checked baggage, the carrier will issue a baggage identification tag for each piece of checked baggage. A portion of this tag will be provided to the passenger and each bag will be affixed with the corresponding remaining portion of the tag.
Subject to the provisions of this tariff related to mobility aids and musical instruments, checked baggage will be carried on the same aircraft as the passenger unless the baggage is delayed or the carrier decides that it is impractical to carry the baggage on the same aircraft.
Note: For additional provisions related to the transportation of assistive devices for persons with disabilities, refer to:
Note to carrier: Carrier to choose from the following based on its declaration in Rule 5(G)(2) above.
[Rule 69(G), Acceptance of mobility aids and other assistive devices], or
[Rule 70(G), Acceptance of mobility aids and other assistive devices], and/or
[Rule 71(G), Acceptance of aids.]
Note: For additional provisions related to the transportation of musical instruments, refer to Rule 56(E)(2), Acceptance of Musical Instruments as Baggage.
Unchecked baggage (carry-on baggage)
Unchecked baggage must be within the carrier’s size and weight limits to be taken on-board the aircraft.
Unchecked baggage must fit under the seat located in front of the passenger or in the enclosed storage compartment in the passenger cabin of the aircraft.
Note: This provision does not apply to assistive devices for persons with disabilities. For provisions related to the transportation of assistive devices for persons with disabilities, refer to:
Note to carrier: Carrier to choose from the following based on its declaration in Rule 5(G)(2) above.
[Rule 69(G), Acceptance of mobility aids and other assistive devices], or
[Rule 70(G), Acceptance of mobility aids and other assistive devices], and/or
[Rule 71(G), Acceptance of aids].
Objects which are not suitable for carriage as checked baggage (e.g. objects made of glass or ceramic) will only be accepted for transportation in the passenger cabin of the aircraft if advance notice is given to the carrier and the carrier agrees to carry the object. [Note to carrier: The carrier must state its policy with respect to carriage of such objects and whether there are any additional charges to transport them]. Passengers should contact the carrier or review its Web site for more information about which specific objects are not suitable for carriage as checked baggage and will only be accepted for transportation in the passenger cabin of the aircraft upon prior agreement with the carrier.
Note: This does not apply to the carriage of musical instruments (See Rule 56 (E)(3), Acceptance of musical instruments as baggage)
(C) Baggage allowance
The passenger is entitled to carry free of charge checked and unchecked baggage as specified and subject to the conditions and limitations set out in the charts below.
Note to carrier: If a carrier charges to transport baggage then it must set out those charges.
Checked baggage
Type of service
Maximum number of bags permitted
Weight per bag
Dimension per bag
Fees
First class
(Carrier to complete table)
Business class
Full fare economy class
Special or discounted fares seated in economy class section of the aircraft
Unchecked baggage (carry-on baggage)
Type of service
Maximum number of bags permitted
Weight per bag
Dimension per bag
Fees
First class
(Carrier to complete table)
Business class
Full fare economy class
Special or discounted fares seated in economy class section of the aircraft
The carrier will accept for transportation assistive devices for persons with disabilities in addition to the baggage allowances set out in the charts above at no additional charge to the person. For provisions related to the transportation of assistive devices for persons with disabilities, refer to:
Note to carrier: Carrier to choose from the following based on its declaration in Rule 5(G)(2) above.
[Rule 69(G), Acceptance of mobility aids and other assistive devices], or
[Rule 70(G), Acceptance of mobility aids and other assistive devices], and/or
[Rule 71(G), Acceptance of aids.]
If a passenger exceeds the maximum number of bags permitted and/or the maximum weight allowed for each bag or the maximum dimensions permitted for each checked or carry-on bag in the chart in (1) above, the passenger will be subject to the excess baggage charges set out in the chart in (E) below.
Note: Musical instruments will be considered as part of the passenger's baggage allowance and there may be associated fees dependent on the fare purchased. The carrier may also charge additional fees specific to the carriage of musical instruments. (See Rule 56(F), Acceptance of musical instruments as baggage).
The passenger’s name and contact information must appear on the baggage. It is recommended that the name and contact information also be included inside the baggage.
(D) Collection and delivery of baggage
The passenger has the right to retrieve their baggage without delay.
Only the passenger who was given a baggage identification tag when the carrier took possession of the baggage is entitled to accept delivery of the baggage.
If the passenger claiming the checked baggage is unable to produce their portion of the baggage identification tag and identify the baggage by means of its baggage identification tag, the carrier must receive satisfactory proof that the baggage belongs to the passenger in question before delivering the baggage to the passenger.
Acceptance of the baggage without complaint, within the time limits stipulated in Rule 120(C), Liability – domestic transportation or Rule 121(C), Liability – international transportation, by the passenger in possession of the baggage identification tag is evidence that the carrier delivered the baggage in good condition and in accordance with this tariff.
(E) Excess baggage
Note to carrier: If a carrier charges for excess baggage then it must set out those charges. Baggage in excess of the free baggage allowance will be accepted by the carrier upon payment of the applicable charge. The charge for the excess baggage is payable prior to departure at the point of check-in.
Note: This provision does not apply to assistive devices for persons with disabilities. For provisions related to the transportation of assistive devices for persons with disabilities, refer to:
Note to carrier: Carrier to choose from the following based on its declaration in Rule 5(G)(2) above.
[Rule 69(G), Acceptance of mobility aids and other assistive devices], or
[Rule 70(G), Acceptance of mobility aids and other assistive devices], and/or
[Rule 71(G), Acceptance of aids.]
Excess baggage
Type of service
Overweight/ oversize
Charge per piece
First class
(Carrier to complete table)
Business class
Full fare economy class
Special or discounted fares seated in economy class
Note: In addition to the baggage allowances established based on the type of fare purchased by the passenger and any applicable excess baggage charges, the carrier, may also charge additional fees for the transportation of musical instruments. See Rule 56(F), Acceptance of musical instruments as baggage.
(F) Excess value declaration charge
The passenger may declare a value in excess of the applicable liability limits for the checked baggage by completing a special declaration of interest and paying any excess value charges to the carrier prior to departure at the point of check-in at the rate of $XXX CAD per $100 CAD of excess valuation to a maximum of $XXX CAD of excess valuation.
Note: The special declaration of interest is set out in Article 22(2) of the Montreal Convention, which provides the carrier an opportunity to establish a mechanism for allowing passengers to declare excess baggage value for checked baggage.
Note to carrier: The excess value declaration is provided for international carriage by means of the Montreal Convention. The sample tariff adopts it for domestic carriage as well.
Note: An excess value declaration charge does not apply to assistive devices for persons with disabilities. For provisions related to the transportation of assistive devices for persons with disabilities, refer to:
Note to carrier: Carrier to choose from the following based on its declaration in Rule 5(G)(2) above.
[Rule 69(G), Acceptance of mobility aids and other assistive devices], or
[Rule 70(G), Acceptance of Mobility aids and other assistive devices], and/or
[Rule 71(G), Acceptance of aids],
[Rule 120, Liability of the carrier for loss, damage to, delay of baggage, passenger delay or death or bodily injury – domestic transportation],
[Rule 121, Liability of the carrier for loss, damage to, delay of baggage, passenger delay or death or bodily injury – international transportation].
(G) Items unacceptable as baggage
The following items are unacceptable as baggage and will not be transported by the carrier:
Items which are forbidden to be carried by the applicable laws, regulations, or orders of any country to be flown from, to, or over.
Items which are likely to endanger the aircraft or persons or property on-board the aircraft. These unacceptable items are specified in the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air and the International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations.
Items, which in the carrier’s opinion, are unsuitable for carriage because of their weight, size or character, for example, fragile or perishable items.
Note: Not applicable to assistive devices for persons with disabilities. For limitations on the carriage of mobility aids, refer to:
Note to carrier: Carrier to choose from the following based on its declaration in Rule 5(G)(2) above.
[Rule 69(G), Acceptance of mobility aids and other assistive devices], or
[Rule 70(G), Acceptance of Mobility aids and other assistive devices], and/or
[Rule 71(G), Acceptance of aids].
Note: Not applicable to musical instruments. For limitations on the carriage of musical instruments, refer to Rule 56(B), (C) and (E), Acceptance of musical instruments as baggage.
Live animals except as provided in Rule 75, Acceptance of animals (pets and search and rescue dogs).
Note: Not applicable to service dogs, other service animals and emotional support animals for persons with disabilities. For limitations on the carriage of service dogs, other service animals and emotional support animals, refer to:
Note to carrier: Carrier to choose from the following based on its declaration in Rule 5(G)(2) above.
[Rule 69(H), Acceptance of service dogs and (I), Acceptance of other service animals and emotional support animals], or
[Rule 70(H), Acceptance of service animals and (I), Acceptance of emotional support animals], and/or
[Rule 71(H), Acceptance of service animals and (I), Acceptance of emotional support animals].
Firearms and ammunition other than for hunting or sporting purposes.
Firearms and ammunition for hunting and sporting purposes will be accepted as checked baggage provided the firearms are not loaded, the safety catch is in the “on” position and the firearms are suitably packed. The carriage of ammunition is subject to the ICAO and IATA regulations mentioned in (1)(b) above.
Weapons such as antique firearms, swords, knives and other similar items may be accepted as checked baggage at the carrier’s discretion, provided they are suitably packed.
Fragile or perishable items, money, jewellery, precious metals, silverware, negotiable papers, securities or other valuables, business documents, samples, passports and other identification documents are unacceptable for transportation as checked baggage and will only be transported as carry-on baggage if retained in the passenger's possession.
Note to carrier: The carrier may wish to include in this rule specific provisions about particular types of baggage (such as sports equipment, bicycles, antlers) which the carrier may or may not be prepared to accept as baggage and the conditions surrounding acceptance of such special items if they are accepted.
Note to carrier: A specific rule for the carriage of musical instruments is provided as Rule 56. Carriers are required to address the transportation of musical instruments in their tariffs pursuant to the APPR. Rule 56 is drafted with the intent of providing text for such a rule.
(H) Right to refuse carriage of baggage
Note: This provision does not apply to assistive devices for persons with disabilities. For limitations on the carriage of mobility aids, refer to:
Note to carrier: Carrier to choose from the following based on its declaration in Rule 5(G)(2) above.
[Rule 69(G), Acceptance of mobility aids and other assistive devices], or
[Rule 70(G), Acceptance of Mobility aids and other assistive devices], and/or
[Rule 71(G), Acceptance of aids.]
Note: This provision does not apply to musical instruments. For limitations on the carriage of musical instruments, refer to Rule 56(B), (C) and (E), Acceptance of musical instruments as baggage.
The carrier will refuse to carry as checked baggage any bag that the carrier has discovered to contain any unacceptable item mentioned in (G) above and when the passenger fails to provide the carrier with prior notice that they wish to carry such an item in their baggage.
Unless advance arrangements have been made with the carrier, the carrier may carry on later flights baggage which is in excess of the free baggage allowance.
The carrier will refuse to carry checked baggage if it determines that the baggage has not been properly and securely packed in suitable suitcases or containers.
(I) Right of search
The carrier may request the passenger to permit a search to be conducted of their person and baggage. The carrier may search baggage in the passenger’s absence. The purpose of any search is to ensure aircraft and passenger safety, security and to determine whether the passenger is in possession of, or the baggage contains, items mentioned in (G) above or any arms or ammunition which have not been presented to the carrier. If the passenger refuses to comply with the request for search, the carrier may refuse to carry the passenger and/or their baggage.
Rule 56: Acceptance of musical instruments as baggage
Note to carrier: Carriers will note that the suggested text in this Rule is more extensive than that provided in subsection 24(1) of the APPR. Carriers may substitute their own text in place of that suggested here as long as they are consistent with laws and regulations, including the APPR. This sample tariff rule is being provided as an example.
(A) Applicability
This Rule applies to all passengers travelling with musical instruments irrespective of the type of fare on which they are travelling or have purchased.
In case of damage, loss or delay of musical instruments, the limits of liability for baggage as found in Rule 120, Liability – domestic transportation and Rule 121, Liability – international transportation in keeping with the applicable Convention will apply.
(B) Small musical instruments as carry-on baggage
The carrier will permit a passenger to bring on-board the aircraft cabin a small musical instrument, such as a violin or flute, as part of passenger's carry-on baggage allowance according to the number and size dimensions set out in Rule 55, Baggage acceptance, if:
the instrument can be stowed safely in a suitable baggage compartment in the aircraft cabin or under the passenger seat, in accordance with the carrier's requirements for carriage of carry-on baggage; and,
there is space for such stowage at the time the passenger boards the aircraft.
(C) Musical instruments as carry-on baggage (cabin seat baggage)
The carrier will permit a passenger to bring on-board the aircraft cabin, and be transported as cabin seat baggage, a musical instrument if:
the instrument is contained in a case or covered so as to avoid injury to other passengers;
the weight of the instrument, including the case or covering, does not exceed XX kilograms ( XX pounds) or the applicable weight restrictions for the aircraft;
the instrument can be stowed safely and securely in accordance with the carrier's requirements;
neither the instrument nor the case contains any object not otherwise permitted to be carried in an aircraft cabin; and,
the passenger wishing to carry the instrument in the aircraft cabin has purchased an additional seat to accommodate the instrument.
Musical instruments too large for the cabin may be carried as checked baggage. (See (E) below)
Note to carrier: If you do not accept musical instruments as cabin seat baggage, you must state that this is the case as a matter of policy.
(D) Carrier unable to carry musical instruments in cabin due to substitution of aircraft
If, due to substitution of aircraft, there is insufficient space to safely stow the musical instrument in the cabin, the carrier will offer, at no additional charge:
to carry the instrument as cabin seat baggage, if space on-board and the nature of the instrument allows it; or alternatively
to accept the instrument as checked baggage
If neither (1)(a) nor (b) are satisfactory, the carrier will offer the passenger rerouting options, at no additional charge, and if no rerouting options are satisfactory, the carrier will involuntarily refund the passenger pursuant to Rule 125 (A) and (B).
(E) Musical instruments as checked baggage
The carrier will permit a passenger to transport as checked baggage a musical instrument that cannot be carried in the aircraft cabin if;
the sum of the length, width, and height measured in centimetres of the outside linear dimensions of the instrument (including the case) does not exceed XX centimetres (XX inches) or the applicable size restrictions established for the aircraft;
the weight of the instrument (including the case) does not exceed XX kilograms (XX pounds) or the applicable weight restrictions established for the aircraft;
the instrument can be stowed safely and securely in accordance with the carrier's requirements; and
the passenger has paid the applicable checked baggage fee.
A passenger has the option of checking suitable musical instruments if all applicable fees are paid.
Musical instruments carried as checked baggage will be carried on the same aircraft as the passenger unless the baggage is delayed or the carrier decides that it is impractical to carry the baggage on the same aircraft. This will also include cases of substitution of aircraft. In case of baggage delay, the carrier will take necessary steps to inform the passenger of the status of the baggage and arrange to deliver the musical instrument to the passenger as soon as possible unless applicable laws require the presence of the passenger for customs clearance.
Delicate musical instruments are not suitable for carriage as checked baggage. Passengers should contact the carrier or review its Web site for more information about which musical instruments are not suitable for carriage.
The passenger may make a special declaration that their checked musical instrument has a higher value than the carrier’s maximum liability. If the passenger does so, then the passenger must make this declaration to the carrier at the time of check-in and, if required by the carrier, shall, as per Rule 55 (F), Excess value declaration charge, pay the supplementary charge to allow for additional liability coverage in the case of destruction, loss, damage or delay of their musical instrument.
Exception: The carrier is not liable for the declared amount if it can prove that it is greater than the passenger’s actual interest in delivery at destination.
(F) Fees
Musical instruments will be considered as part of the passenger's baggage allowance, carriage of which may be dependent on the fare purchased.
Note to carrier: Carriers must identify here any fees they establish for the carriage of musical instruments. Carriers may, if that is their policy, state that no extra charge is payable for the transportation of musical instruments.
Part III – At the airport/during travel
Rule 60: Acceptance of children for travel
(A) General
Infants and children under XX years of age, accompanied in the same cabin by a passenger XX years of age or older, will be accepted for transportation.
Persons entrusted with the care of infants and children must be capable of discharging this duty.
Infants
Infants under two years of age on the date of travel do not require a seat.
For travel within Canada or between Canada and the U.S.A., infants under two years of age do not require a ticket.
For travel other than within Canada or between Canada and the United States infants under two years of age require a ticket.
Only one infant under the age of two years may be held in the lap of an accompanying passenger XX years of age or older.
No single passenger shall be responsible for more than one infant whether the infant is held on the lap of an accompanying passenger or a seat has been purchased for the infant and the infant is secured in an approved child restraint system (car seat).
An infant under two years of age at the time of departure but reaching their second birthday during the continuing/return flight(s) will require a seat and must pay the applicable fare for the continuing/return flight(s).
Infants under two years of age occupying a seat must be properly secured in a Transport Canada or United States Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) approved child restraint device.
Children
All children, two years of age or older, must be ticketed and assigned a seat.
All children, XX years of age or older, will be able to travel unaccompanied without supervision and will be considered to be an adult for fare purposes.
All children, XX years of age or older, may accompany other infants and children under XX years old and will be considered as adults for the purposes of travel and will be charged the applicable adult fare.
(B) Acceptance of infants and children
For travel within Canada or between Canada and the United States
Age
Accepted
Conditions
X days to 23 months (infant)
Yes
Only one infant is permitted per adult passenger. The infant may travel free of charge when the infant is held on an accompanying adult’s lap.
An infant for whom a seat is purchased must be properly secured in an approved child restraint device and will be assessed the applicable fare.
2 to XX years old (child)
Yes
These passengers are considered to be a child for the purpose of air travel and will pay the applicable child’s fare if available, when accompanied by a ticketed passenger XX years of age or older for the entire trip.
These passengers must be either supervised by a passenger of XX years or older or use the carrier’s unaccompanied minor services, where applicable for children ages 5 and up who are travelling alone. (See Rule 65, Unaccompanied minors)
The use of an approved child restraint device is optional for children age two and up.
XX years and older
Yes
These passengers are considered to be adults for the purpose of air travel and will pay the applicable adult fare.
These passengers are eligible to travel unaccompanied and unsupervised. Furthermore, they may accompany infants/children X days to XX years old.
For international transportation to and from Canada
Age
Accepted
Conditions
X days to 23 months (infant)
Yes
Fares for infants will be XX per cent of the applicable adult fare. An infant must be held on the lap by an accompanying adult passenger.
If it is desired that the infant secure a seat, a ticket must be purchased for that infant at the applicable fare. An infant for whom a seat is purchased must be properly secured in an approved child restraint device and will be assessed the applicable fare.
2 to XX years old (child)
Yes
These passengers are considered to be a child for the purpose of air travel and will pay the applicable child’s fare if available, when accompanied by a ticketed adult passenger.
These passengers must be either supervised by a passenger of XX years or older or use the carrier’s unaccompanied minor services, for children ages 5 and up who are travelling alone. (See Rule 65, Unaccompanied minors)
The use of an approved child restraint device is optional for children age two and up.
XX years and older
Yes
These passengers are considered to be adults for the purpose of air travel and will pay the applicable adult fare.
These passengers will be eligible to travel unaccompanied and unsupervised. Furthermore, these passengers may accompany infants/children X days to XX years old.
(C) Documentation
All children who are passengers, whether traveling accompanied by a parent, guardian, or tutor or unaccompanied, must be in possession of the required documentation which is applicable to the points which they will be flying to, from and between.
For travel within Canada, passengers under 18 years of age must carry identification such as a passport, an original birth certificate or a non-government ID, e.g. student card.
For travel between Canada and the United States, passengers under 18 years of age require a valid passport or a Nexus card.
For all international transportation, in addition to the above, the carrier may require presentation of the following documents when children are travelling by air:
Passport;
Documents establishing legal custody;
Consent letter authorizing travel (e.g. when child is taking a trip alone or with only one parent);
Supporting identification, such as a birth certificate or citizenship card;
Other legal documents, such as divorce papers, custody court orders or a death certificate (if one parent is deceased);
Any other documentation required for entry into or travel via the countries on their itinerary. Passengers should verify with the nearest embassy or consulate of each country to be visited about additional entry requirements and check for other laws and regulations affecting children.
(D) Unaccompanied minors
For complete details on minors travelling unaccompanied, refer to Rule 65, Unaccompanied minors.
Rule 65: Unaccompanied minors
Note to carrier: For international transportation, Canada is a signatory to the Convention on International Civil Aviation (the Chicago Convention), which is managed and administered by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). New ICAO standards regarding the transportation of unaccompanied minors have been adopted in accordance with the Convention and are reflected in the amended ATR (see ATR 122(d)). These standards specify that carriers must establish a program for the transportation of unaccompanied minors, and that they cannot allow minors less than 5 years of age to travel without an accompanying person. The ATR state that the accompanying person must be a parent or a person who is at least 16 years old. (B)(1) and (B)(2) reflect this requirement. While not mandatory for domestic transportation, as a best practice, this sample tariff reflects the 5 years of age requirement.
(A) General
For purposes of this Rule, “guardian” is any person having responsibility over the welfare of a "minor".
The carrier offers a supervision service called the unaccompanied minor service (UM service) for all minors who have achieved the minimum age of 5 years. This service is either mandatory or optional, depending upon the age of the minor.
Note to carrier: Carriers may establish a minimum age that is higher for their UM Service, but it must not be lower than 5 years of age.
(B) Age restrictions
Minors less than 5 years of age are not eligible to use the UM service, and must always be accompanied by their parent or a person who is at least 16 years old when travelling.
Minors aged between 5 and XX years of age may only travel unaccompanied if they are using the UM service, outlined below.
Minors from age XX up to a maximum of XX years of age can also use the UM service at the request of their parent/guardian. Please note, however, that if a guardian requests the UM service for a minor between these ages, all travel restrictions applicable to the UM service will apply.
(C) Travel restrictions
The UM service is available on:
non-stop flights; or
direct flights (a direct flight makes a stop but there is no change of aircraft)
Note to carrier: Carrier to complete if other types of flight operations (such as connecting flights or interlining) permit UM transportation.
(D) Fares and charges
Unaccompanied minors travelling on the UM service provided by the carrier will be subject to the applicable adult fare.
Note to carrier: If a carrier charges to provide an unaccompanied minor service then it must set out those charges. A charge of $XX.XX CAD per minor, in each direction, will be applied for using the UM service.
When two or more minors are traveling together, only one UM service charge in each direction will apply.
Note to carrier: If the carrier has policies regarding the refundability of fares and charges related to UM services provided, they are required to outline those policies here.
(E) Conditions of application for unaccompanied travel
Arrangements and registration for the UM service must be made at least XX hours prior to departure with the carrier.
The minor must be brought to the airport of departure by a parent/guardian who remains with the minor until the carrier starts providing supervision. The parent/guardian will complete all the required documents which include providing the carrier with satisfactory evidence that the minor will be met by another parent/guardian or other responsible person.
The parent/guardian or other responsible person who will be meeting the unaccompanied minor at the destination airport must have photo identification which will allow the carrier personnel to identify this person as the appropriate person designated to meet the minor.
The parent/guardian will be required to remain at the airport of departure until the aircraft has departed.
The parent/guardian must provide the carrier with the name and phone number of a person who can be contacted in case of emergency during the time the minor is in the carrier’s care.
Unaccompanied minors aged XX through XX years old will not be accepted if the flight on which the minor holds a reservation is expected to terminate short of, or bypass the minor’s destination.
Once the minor is under the carrier’s care, the minor will be provided supervision by the carrier until they are met at destination by a parent/guardian or other responsible person who can confirm to carrier personnel by means of photo identification that they are the person(s) designated to meet the minor.
Confirmed reservations must be booked for unaccompanied minors. Standby travel is not permitted.
A minor with a medical condition or a minor with a disability may not be accepted for travel unaccompanied. Medical information and/or documents (for example, a medical certificate) may be required for any UM service to be offered to a minor with a medical condition or a disability.
Note: For provisions related to medical information and/or documents that are required by the carrier, refer to:
Note to carrier: Carrier to choose from the following based on its declaration in Rule 5(G)(2) above.
[Rule 69(F)(5), Services – information and/or documents required to be filed with the carrier], or
[Rule 70(F)(2), Services for which advance notice is required], and/or
[Rule 71(F)(2), Services for which advance notice is required],
[Rule 105, Refusal to transport].
(F) Carrier’s responsibility
[Insert Policy]
Note to carrier: The carrier must stipulate the extent to which it is responsible for unaccompanied minors and the level and degree of supervision it will provide while the unaccompanied minor is in its care.
Rule 69: Carriage of persons with disabilities – Large Carrier ATPDR
Note to carrier: This Rule is to be adopted by any carrier that declares itself a Large Carrier ATPDR pursuant to Rule 5(G)(2) above.
The following provisions are derived from the Accessible Transportation for Persons with Disabilities Regulations (ATPDR) which impose requirements on all carriers that provide passenger services within and to and from Canada and that meet the definition of Large Carrier ATPDR, being an air carrier that transported a worldwide total of 1,000,000 passengers or more during each of the two preceding calendar years.
Obligations of the carrier include the duty to accommodate persons with disabilities up to the point of undue hardship and may include more than what is specified in this tariff.
For carriers not subject to the ATPDR, see:
Rule 70, Carriage of persons with disabilities – Small Carrier Non-ATPDR operating aircraft with 30 or more passenger seats, or
Rule 71, Carriage of persons with disabilities – Small Carrier non-ATPDR operating aircraft with 29 or less passenger seats.
(A) Application
This rule applies to the transportation of persons with disabilities by [Carrier Name], which is a Large Carrier ATPDR, on its [insert one or both, as applicable: domestic and/or international] transportation services.
Note to carrier: Air carriers are strongly encouraged to apply the provisions of this rule across all of their services, including flight segments taking place entirely between foreign points although this is not technically a requirement of the ATPDR. In doing so, persons with disabilities will be provided with the certainty that their disability-related needs will be met for the entire duration of their trip. To the extent that carriers do not apply this rule to transportation between two foreign points, the terms and conditions for persons with disabilities that apply to these flights must be clearly stated in the tariff.
Pursuant to Rule 5 (A)(1), Application of tariff, this rule applies to the transportation of all persons with disabilities on all flights marketed and operated by [Carrier Name], and in respect to all flights marketed by [Carrier Name] but operated by another carrier.
(B) Acceptance for carriage
The carrier will accept the determination made by or on behalf of a person with a disability as to their self-reliance, unless doing so would impose undue hardship on the carrier, for example, if it would jeopardize security, public health or public safety.
The carrier will not refuse to transport a person with a disability unless the transportation of the person would impose an undue hardship on the carrier, for example, if it would jeopardize security, public health or public safety.
If the carrier refuses to transport a person with a disability for reasons related to their disability, it will, at the time of the refusal, inform the person of the reasons for the refusal. In addition, within 10 days of the refusal, the carrier will provide the person with a written notice setting out the reasons for the refusal including:
the evidence of undue hardship, such as a medical report, an expert opinion, or an engineering report that demonstrates that the risk is significant enough that it would be unreasonable to waive or modify a requirement;
any relevant rule, policy, procedure or regulation; and,
the duration of the refusal and the conditions, if any, under which the carrier would accept the person for transport.
See also: Rule 105(B), Refusal to transport, removal of passenger and Rule 105(B)(1)(f)(iv), Refusal to transport, passenger’s condition, medical clearance
(C) Reservations and online services
If a person with a disability identifies the nature of their disability when making a reservation with a carrier, the carrier will:
discuss with the person their needs in relation to their disability and the services offered by the carrier in relation to those needs;
before assigning a passenger seat to a person with a disability, inform the person of the passenger seats that are available in the class of service that the person has requested and that have equipment and facilities that best meet the accessibility needs of that person, such as a wheelchair-accessible washroom or a passenger seat that has additional leg room, a larger seat pitch or movable armrests; and,
in assigning a passenger seat to a person with a disability, take into account the person’s opinion with respect to which seats would best meet the accessibility needs of that person.
The carrier will advise the person if information and/or documents are required to permit the carrier to assess their request, as per (F)(3) below. The carrier will also advise the person that the information and/or documents must be filed within 48 hours and that the assessment of the request may take up to 2 business days after receipt of the information and/or documents.
As an alternative means to using its website to make or modify a reservation, the carrier will offer to a person with a disability the following means of communication: [Insert the alternative means of communication provided and where or how the contact information can be located. For example, an alternative means of communication can include a telephone, an email or a third party's telephone relay or video relay service.]
(D) Written confirmation of services
The carrier will, without delay, indicate in the record of a person’s travel reservation the services that the carrier will provide to the person.
The carrier will include a written confirmation of the services in the itinerary that is issued to the person.
If a service is confirmed only after the itinerary is issued, the carrier will, without delay, provide a written confirmation of the service.
(E) Services for which no advance notice is required
The services identified in (3) below will be provided at no additional fare or charge.
The carrier will not require a person with a disability to file information and/or documents, including medical certificates, to support any request for services identified in (3) below.
Services – no advance notice
Regardless of when a person with a disability makes the request for the following services, the carrier will:
Assist the person with checking in at the check-in counter;
Permit the person, if they are unable to use an automated self-service kiosk or other automated check-in or ticketing process, to advance to the front of the line at a check-in counter or ticket counter;
If the person is in a wheelchair, a boarding chair or any other device in which they are not independently mobile while waiting at a terminal for departure after check-in or in order to transfer to another segment of their trip, provide the person with a place to wait that is close to personnel who are available to provide assistance to the person and who will periodically inquire about the person’s needs, and attend to those needs ;
Assist the person in storing and retrieving their carry-on baggage ;
In the case of a person who is blind or has any other visual impairment,
describe to the person, before departure or, if impossible because of time constraints, after departure, the layout of the aircraft , including the location of washrooms and exits, and the location and operation of any operating controls at the person’s passenger seat;
describe to the person, if a meal is offered on-board, all the food and beverages that are offered for consumption or provide a menu in large print or in Braille;
Assist the person in accessing any entertainment content that is offered on-board an aircraft;
Before departure, provide the person with an individualized safety briefing and demonstration;
Assist the person in moving between their passenger seat and a washroom, including by assisting them in transferring between their passenger seat and an on-board wheelchair;
Permit a person to use the washroom that has the most amount of space, regardless of where the washroom is located in any part of the aircraft, if the person needs an on-board wheelchair or the assistance of a support person or service dog to use a washroom;
If a meal is served on-board to the person, assist the person with the meal by opening packages, identifying food items and their location and cutting large food portions; and
If a person is unable to use the call button to request assistance, periodically inquire about the person’s needs.
[Insert any other services]
Note to carrier: Carrier should identify any other services it provides to persons with disabilities and for which it does not require advance notice and the filing of supporting information and/or documents.
Note: For carrier responsibilities related to disembarkation of persons with disabilities when a flight is delayed on the tarmac at an airport in Canada, see Rule 92(C)(4), Priority disembarkation.
(F) Services for which advance notice is required
Note to carrier: If the carrier does not require advance notice and supporting information and/or documents for any of the services identified in (3) below, they should be moved up to (E)(3) above.
The services identified in (3) below will be provided at no additional fare or charge. [Exception: in the case of (3)(b), the provision of additional adjacent seating in the case of international transportation, the carrier will require an additional fare to be paid when the person requires an additional adjacent seat.]
Note to carrier: The bracketed text may be added by carriers in respect of their international services only, if their policy is to charge fares for additional adjacent seating to accommodate persons with disabilities.
Every reasonable effort
In all instances, the carrier will make every reasonable effort to provide a service requested by a person with a disability even if the person does not comply with any requirement in this section, to provide advance notice or to provide information and/or documents to permit the carrier to assess the request.
Services – 48 hours advance notice
Subject to the carrier's requirement for a person with a disability to provide information and/or documents identified in (4) below, the carrier will provide the following services if requested by a person with a disability at least 48 hours prior to the scheduled time of departure of the person's flight:
Assign a passenger seat to a person with a disability, taking into account the person’s opinion with respect to which seats would best meet the accessibility needs of that person;
Provide additional adjacent seats, meaning seats which are next to the seat of the person with a disability, in the following three situations:
When the person with a disability must travel with a support person for transport if, because of the nature of their disability, the person with a disability, after departure and before arrival, needs:
assistance with eating meals, taking medication, using the washroom;
assistance with transferring to and from a passenger seat;
assistance with orientation or communication; or
physical assistance in the event of an emergency, including in the case of an evacuation or decompression;
When the size of a service dog belonging to a person with a disability is such that the person's seat does not provide sufficient floor space for the dog to lie down at the person's feet in a manner that ensures the safety and well-being of the dog and the person; or
When a person with a disability needs more than one seat because of the nature of their disability, for example, if they are a person who has a fused leg or who is disabled by severe obesity;
Accept for transportation a mobility aid and/or other assistive device, as per section (G) below;
Accept for transportation a service dog, as per section (H) below;
Assist the person in proceeding to the boarding area after check-in;
Assist the person in proceeding through any security screening process at the terminal, including by
providing personnel to assist the person through the process, or
collaborating with the relevant security authority to permit a person who is not travelling with the person with a disability to have access to the security screening checkpoint so that they may assist the person with a disability to proceed through the process;
Before boarding, transfer the person between the person’s own mobility aid and a mobility aid provided by the carrier;
Permit the person to board in advance of other passengers if:
the person requests assistance with boarding, locating their passenger seat or cabin, transferring between a mobility aid and their passenger seat or storing carry-on baggage;
in the case where the person is blind or has any other visual impairment, the person requests a description of the layout of the aircraft , or of the location and operation of operating controls at the person’s passenger seat; or,
in the case where the person is disabled due to a severe allergy, the person requests to clean their passenger seat to remove any potential allergens;
Note: If the person has requested the assistance in (i) or (ii) above, the carrier may require the person to board in advance of other passengers or, if they arrive at the boarding area after priority boarding, to board after the other passengers.
Assist the person in boarding and disembarking;
Before departure and on arrival at the destination, transfer the person between a mobility aid and the person’s passenger seat;
Provide the person with an on-board wheelchair;
Note: this service is not available on the following aircraft:
[Insert any aircraft operated by the carrier that have a certificated maximum carrying capacity of not more than 29 passengers and where the aisle width between passenger seats is not sufficient to accommodate the use of an on-board wheelchair]
Provide the person with a personal electronic device where the aircraft's entertainment system does not offer closed captioning and audio descriptions;
Note to carrier: (l) above is required to be added by any Canadian Large Carrier ATPDR using aircraft with 30 or more seats where the aircraft's entertainment system does not offer closed captioning and audio descriptions. It may also be added by any other carrier that provides personal electronic devices to make entertainment content accessible to persons with disabilities.
Establish a buffer zone around the passenger seat of a person who has a disability due to a severe allergy by providing the person with a passenger seat that is in a bank of seats other than the bank of seats in which the source of the allergen is located;
Note: For more information on allergies, please refer to the Canadian Transportation Agency's Severe allergies: A Guide.
Ensure that any public announcement that is made on-board is made in an audio format or a visual format that is accessible to a person with a disability;
Assist the person in proceeding through border clearance (immigration and customs);
Assist the person in retrieving their checked baggage;
Assist the person, after disembarkation, in proceeding to the general public area;
Assist the person, after disembarkation, in proceeding to a location where the person may receive assistance either
from a member of the terminal operator’s personnel to proceed to the curbside zone, or
from a member of the receiving carrier’s personnel to transfer to another segment of their trip within the same airport; and
[Insert any other services]
Note to carrier: Carrier should identify any other services it provides to persons with disabilities and for which it requires advance notice. This cannot include any of the services identified in (E)(3)(a)-(k) above.
Services – information and/or documents required to be filed with the carrier
The carrier will require the person to file any information and/or documents, including a medical certificate, that are reasonably necessary to permit the carrier to assess the person’s request for the following services:
[Insert any services]
Note to carrier: Carrier should identify here any services it provides to persons with disabilities for which it requires information and/or documents to be filed to assess a request. This cannot include any of the services identified in (E)(3) above, but the carrier may move services from (F)(3) above to here.
Notwithstanding (4) above, the carrier retains the right to require information and/or documents to assess any other requests for services to be provided to, as well as to substantiate the fitness to travel of persons with disabilities, with the exception of those services identified in (E)(3) above.
Where the carrier requires the person to file information and/or documents for a request for services identified in (4) above, they must be filed with the carrier at least 48 hours, including one full business day, prior to the scheduled time of departure of the person's flight to ensure that the carrier has sufficient time to assess the request.
The carrier may not provide the services identified in (3) and (4) above if the carrier has required the person to file information and/or documents and:
any of the conditions referred to in (5) or (6) above are not met or the information and/or documents provided are not reasonably sufficient to permit the carrier to assess the request,
the request has not been made 96 hours in advance of travel, and
the carrier has made every reasonable effort to provide the service but cannot do so.
If, on the request of the carrier, a person with a disability provides the carrier with information and/or documents in relation to a request for service, the carrier will offer to retain an electronic copy of the information and/or documents for a period of at least three years for the purpose of permitting the carrier to use the information and/or documents if the person makes another request for a service.
(G) Acceptance of mobility aids and other assistive devices
Mobility aids
The carrier will, on request, carry, free of charge and as priority baggage, a person with a disability's mobility aid, and will permit the person to retain their mobility aid until it becomes necessary to store it for carriage.
The carrier will make every reasonable effort to permit a person with a disability who uses a walker or manual folding wheelchair to store it on-board the aircraft.
Where the aircraft can transport the mobility aid, the carrier will:
disassemble and package, where necessary, the aid for transportation and unpackage and reassemble the aid upon arrival; and
return the aid promptly upon arrival.
Where the mobility aid needs to be disassembled and reassembled in order for it to be transported with the person who needs it, the carrier will require that the person:
provide the carrier with instructions for the disassembly and reassembly of the mobility aid; and
Note: Information for persons travelling with a mobility aid that needs to be disassembled for carriage, including the requirement to provide any specialized tools needed for assembling or disassembling the mobility aid, can be found at [insert link to location of information on carrier's own website].
check in XX minutes before the scheduled time of departure or arrive at the boarding gate of their flight XX minutes in advance to allow for the additional time needed to handle the mobility aid and prepare it for transport.
[Insert any other requirements]
Notwithstanding (4) above, the carrier will make every reasonable effort to transport the mobility aid even if written instructions for disassembly and reassembly are not provided by the person with a disability or the aforementioned times are not met.
The carrier will refuse to transport a mobility aid where:
the weight or size of the mobility aid exceeds the capacity of lifts or ramps,
the doors to baggage compartments are too small for the mobility aid, or
transportation of the mobility aid would jeopardize aircraft airworthiness or violate safety regulations.
Note: Information regarding maximum weight and dimensions of mobility aids that each make and model of our aircraft is capable of transporting can be found at [insert link to location of information on carrier's own website].
Note to carrier: the carrier must publish on its website the maximum weight and dimensions of mobility aids that each make and model of its aircraft is capable of transporting.
When the carrier refuses to transport a mobility aid for any of the reasons above, it will:
at the time of the refusal, tell the person with a disability why their mobility aid was not accepted and provide the reason in writing within the next 10 days; and
inform the person with a disability of alternative trips operated by the carrier to the same destination on which their mobility aid can be transported, and offer to book this for the person at the lesser of the fare for the original trip and the fare for the alternative trip.
Note: For provisions related to limitations of liability regarding loss of, damage to, or delay in delivering mobility aids, refer to Rule 120(B)(5), Liability – Domestic Transportation, Mobility aids or Rule 121(B)(5), Liability – International Transportation, Mobility aids.
Other assistive devices
The carrier will permit a person with a disability to bring on-board and to retain any small assistive device that the person needs during travel, including a cane, crutches, a communication device, an orthotic positioning device or a portable oxygen concentrator, except to the extent that the presence or use of such a device jeopardizes security, public health or public safety.
The carrier will, on request, accept for transportation a service dog required to assist a person with a disability, and will permit the service dog to accompany the person on board subject to:
any advance notice requirements contained in (F)(3) or,
the time limits set out in (F)(6) and (7) where the carrier requires the filing of additional information and/or documents and
any requirements in (2) and (3) below.
[insert any policies with respect to any requirements related to the leash, tether or harness required for service dogs during travel.]
[insert any policies with respect to any requirements related to the information and/or documents required for service dogs to travel.]
Transport of a service dog accompanying a person with a disability will be free of charge (including both fees and fares). [Exception: in the case of (F)(3)(b)(ii), the provision of adjacent seating in the case of international transportation, the carrier will require an additional fare to be paid when the person requires an additional seat to accommodate the size of their service dog.]
Note to carrier: The bracketed text may be added by carriers in respect of their international services only, if their policy is to charge fares for additional adjacent seating to accommodate persons with disabilities.
The carrier will make every reasonable effort to accept a service dog for carriage if requested by a person with a disability even if the person does not provide advance notice or any information and/or documents that are requested by the carrier.
The person is responsible for complying with all laws, regulations, orders, demands, and travel requirements of countries to be flown from, into or through, in respect of the service dog. In particular, the person is responsible for obtaining valid health and vaccination certificates, entry permits and other documents required by countries, states or territories for entry or transit of any service dog that is to accompany the person.
The carrier may refuse to transport a service dog if the person with a disability fails to have in their possession documentation at the time of check-in which demonstrates that the dog has all the necessary valid health and vaccination certificates, entry permits and other documents required by countries, states or territories for entry or transit.
Note to carrier: Any restrictions on the acceptance of service dogs must be included in the carrier's tariff.
Note: For more information, see Rule 105, Refusal to Transport.
When travel involves more than one carrier, it is the responsibility of the person to verify the policy of each carrier involved in the itinerary and ensure that the requirements of each carrier have been met and that each carrier is aware of and has agreed to carry the service dog on its own aircraft.
Note: For provisions related to limitations of liability regarding service animals, refer to Rule 120(B)(5), Liability – Domestic Transportation, Service Animals or Rule 121(B)(10), Liability – International Transportation, Service Animals.
(I) Acceptance of other service animals and emotional support animals
[Insert policy]
Note to carrier: Any policies regarding the acceptance of other service animals and emotional support animals must be included in the carrier's tariff. Insofar as the carrier has previously accepted other service animals and/or emotional support animals, it may choose to continue to recognize these types of animals and transport them free of charge pursuant to the carrier's established policy. Carriers are strongly encouraged to have such policies to provide clarity to persons with disabilities who require these types of animals in order to travel.
(J) Other services for persons with disabilities
[Insert policy]
Note to carrier: Any policies regarding the provision of services to persons with disabilities in addition to those set out above (e.g., oxygen provision, stretcher service) must be included in the carrier's tariff.
Rule 70: Carriage of persons with disabilities – Small Carrier Non-ATPDR operating aircraft with 30 or more passenger seats
Note to carrier: This Rule is to be adopted by any carrier that declares itself a Small Carrier Non-ATPDR pursuant to Rule 5(G)(2) above and operating aircraft with 30 or more passenger seats.
The following provisions are derived from Part VII of the ATR; the Agency's codes of practice with respect to aircraft and previous decisions; ICAO's Annex 9 standards and recommended practices, and Manual on Access to Air Transport by Persons with Disabilities; and the International Air Transport Association’s Recommended Practice 1700.
Obligations of the carrier include the duty to accommodate persons with disabilities up to the point of undue hardship and may go beyond what is specified in this tariff.
For carriers subject to the ATPDR (being an air carrier that transported a worldwide total of 1,000,000 passengers or more during each of the two preceding calendar years, within and to and from Canada.) see:
Rule 69, Carriage of persons with disabilities – Large Carrier ATPDR.
For carriers not subject to the ATPDR and operating aircraft with 29 or less passenger seats see:
Rule 71,Carriage of persons with disabilities – Small Carriers Non-ATPDR operating aircraft with 29 or less passenger seats.
(A) Application
This rule applies to the transportation of persons with disabilities by [Carrier Name], which is a Small Carrier Non-ATPDR, that operates aircraft with 30 or more seats on its [insert one or both, as applicable: domestic and/or international] transportation services.
Note to carrier: The ATR and Code of Practice for Fixed-Wing Aircraft with 30 or More Passenger Seats contain obligations that are applicable to Canadian Carriers not subject to the ATPDR in respect of their domestic operations. Even if the ATPDR and the ATR do not impose requirements, all carriers have obligations to accommodate persons with disabilities to the point of undue hardship under human rights law and, where applicable, provide services to persons with disabilities in accordance with international standards and recommended best practices and procedures as set out in Chapter 8 of Annex 9 of the Chicago Convention. Accordingly, this rule should be applied by all carriers not subject to the ATPDR for their international services using aircraft with 30 or more passenger seats. Air carriers are strongly encouraged to apply the provisions of this rule across all of their services, including flight segments taking place entirely between foreign points.
Pursuant to Rule 5(A)(1), Application of tariff, this rule applies to the transportation of all persons with disabilities on all flights marketed and operated by [Carrier Name], and in respect to all flights marketed by [Carrier Name].
(B) Acceptance for carriage
The carrier will accept the determination made by or on behalf of a person with a disability as to self-reliance, unless doing so would impose undue hardship on the carrier, for example if it would jeopardize security, public health or public safety.
The carrier will not refuse to transport a person with a disability solely based on their disability unless the transportation of the person would impose an undue hardship on the carrier, for example, if it would jeopardize security, public health or public safety.
If the carrier refuses to transport a person with a disability for reasons related to their disability, it will, at the time of the refusal, inform the person of the reasons for the refusal. In addition, within 10 days of the refusal, the carrier will provide the person with a written notice setting out the reasons for the refusal including:
the evidence of undue hardship, such as a medical report, an expert opinion, or an engineering report that demonstrates that the risk is significant enough that it would be unreasonable to waive or modify a requirement;
any relevant rule, policy, procedure or regulation; and,
the duration of the refusal and the conditions, if any, under which the carrier would accept the person for transport.
See also: Rule 105(B), Refusal to transport, removal of passenger and Rule 105(B)(1)(f)(iv), Refusal to transport, passenger’s condition, medical clearance
(C) Reservations – information about services and seating assignments
If a person with a disability identifies the nature of their disability when making a reservation with a carrier, the carrier will:
discuss with the person their needs in relation to their disability and the services offered by the carrier in relation to those needs;
before assigning a passenger seat to a person with a disability, inform the person of the passenger seats that are available in the class of service that the person has requested and that have equipment and facilities that best meet the accessibility needs of that person, such as a wheelchair-accessible washroom or a passenger seat that has additional leg room, a larger seat pitch or movable armrests;
in assigning a passenger seat to a person with a disability, take into account the person’s opinion with respect to which seats would best meet the accessibility needs of that person; and
where a person is travelling with a support person, ensure that the person and the support person are seated together.
Note to carrier: It is recommended that carriers develop a policy regarding airfares for support persons required by persons with disabilities and include the policy in the tariff to provide greater clarity to persons who must travel with a support person. See Rule 69(F)(3)(b)(i) Services for which advance notice is required, for the requirements under the ATPDR. The carrier can also reference Additional seating and the One Person, One Fare requirement for domestic travel: A guide.
The carrier will advise the person if information and/or documents are required to permit the carrier to assess any request for service, as per (F)(3) below. The carrier will also advise the person that the information and/or documents must be filed within 48 hours and that the assessment of the request may take up to 2 business days after receipt of the information and/or documents.
(D) Confirmation of services and communication of information
The carrier will indicate in the record of a person’s travel reservation the services that the carrier will provide to the person.
The carrier will provide a written confirmation of the services that it will provide to the person.
The carrier will ensure that any announcements made to passengers concerning stops, delays, schedule changes, connections, and on-board services and the claiming of baggage is in visual, verbal and/or written format.
(E) Services for which no advance notice is required
The services identified in (3) below will be provided at no additional fare or charge.
The carrier will not require a person with a disability to file information and/or documents, including a medical certificates, to support any request for services identified in (3) below.
Upon request, the carrier will:
[Insert list of all services for which no advance notice or information and/or documents is required]
Note to carrier: the ATR allows a carrier to require 48 hours advance notice for all services. However, in keeping with ATPDR requirements for Large Carriers ATPDR, the carrier may be able to provide some services on request, without advance notice, or the submission of information and/or documents. Should the carrier choose to provide services requiring no advance notice, they are asked to identify those services above.
Note: For carrier responsibilities related to disembarkation of persons with disabilities when a flight is delayed on the tarmac at an airport in Canada, see Rule 92(C)(4) – Priority disembarkation.
(F) Services for which advance notice is required
Note to carrier: If the carrier does not require advance notice and supporting information and/or documents for any of the services identified in (3) below, they should be moved up to (E)(3) above.
The services identified in (3) below will be provided at no additional fare or charge.
Every reasonable effort
In all instances, the carrier will make every reasonable effort to provide a service requested by a person with a disability even if the person does not comply with any requirement in this section, to provide advance notice or to provide information and/or documents to permit the carrier to assess the request.
Services – 48 hours advance notice
Subject to the carrier's requirement for the person with a disability to provide information and/or documents, the carrier will provide the following services if requested by a person with a disability at least 48 hours prior to the scheduled time of departure of the person's flight:
Assist the person with registration at the check-in counter;
Assist the person in proceeding to the boarding area;
Assist the person in boarding and deplaning;
Periodically inquire about the needs of the person who is in a wheelchair, is not independently mobile and is waiting to board an aircraft, and attend to those needs;
Allow the person, upon request, to board the aircraft in advance of other passengers, where time permits and where a person with a disability requests assistance in boarding or seating or in stowing carry-on baggage;
Note: The carrier can require a person to board the aircraft in advance of other passengers in order that it has sufficient time to provide assistance even if the person with a disability does not request to do so, or the carrier can require a person to board after the other passengers if the person arrives at the boarding area after the end of priority boarding.
Assist the person in stowing and retrieving carry-on baggage and retrieving checked baggage;
provide, up to the time of departure of the aircraft, to individual persons with disabilities and their support person a briefing on emergency procedures and the layout of the cabin;
Assist the person in moving to and from an aircraft lavatory;
Assist the person in proceeding to the general public area or, in some cases, to a representative of another carrier;
Transfer the person between the person’s own mobility aid and a mobility aid provided by the carrier;
Transfer the person between a mobility aid and the person’s passenger seat;
Serve the person special meals, where available, and provide limited assistance with meals, such as opening packages, identifying items and cutting large food portions;
Periodically inquire with the person during a flight about a person’s needs and attend to those needs where the services are usually provided by the carrier or required to be provided under this provision;
[Insert any other services]
Note to carrier: Carrier should identify any other services it provides to persons with disabilities and for which it requires advance notice.
Services – information and/or documents required to be filed with the carrier
The carrier may require the person to file any information and/or documents, including a medical certificate, that are reasonably necessary to permit the carrier to assess the person’s request for a service noted below.
[Insert any services]
Note to carrier: Carrier should identify here any services it provides to persons with disabilities for which it requires information and/or documents to be filed to assess a request. This cannot include any of the services identified in (E)(3) above, but the carrier may move services from (F)(3) above to here.
(G) Acceptance of mobility aids and other assistive devices
The carrier will accept for carriage, free of charge, in addition to the regular baggage allowance, and as priority baggage, mobility aids and any other assistive devices, subject to any safety or security restrictions that would prevent such a device from being transported.
Where a mobility aid is accepted for carriage, the carrier will:
disassemble and package the aid for transportation and unpackage and reassemble the aid upon arrival; and
return the aid promptly upon arrival.
Where the carrier operates aircraft with less than 60 seats, it will refuse to transport an electric wheelchair, scooter or manually operated rigid-frame wheelchair where aircraft design does not permit the carriage of the aid, for example, if the weight or size of the mobility aid exceeds the capacity of lifts or ramps, or the doors to baggage compartments are too small for the mobility aid, or transportation of the mobility aid would jeopardize aircraft airworthiness.
Note: Information regarding maximum weight and dimensions of mobility aids that each make and model of our aircraft is capable of transporting can be found at [insert link to location of information on carrier's own website].
Note to carrier: The carrier is encouraged to publish on its website the maximum weight and dimensions of mobility aids that each make and model of its aircraft is capable of transporting.
Where a carrier refuses to transport a mobility aid for any of the reasons above, the carrier will
inform the person of the reason for refusal at the time of refusal; and,
advise the person of alternate transportation arrangements that the person may make to transport the aid, or of alternative trips for the person to travel with the aid.
Where space permits, the carrier will store a person's manual folding wheelchair in the passenger cabin during the flight.
Where space permits, the carrier will permit a person with a disability to retain in the person's custody any of the following small assistive devices that the person needs during travel:
a walker, a cane, crutches or braces;
any device that assists the person to communicate; and
any prosthesis or medical device such as a portable oxygen concentrator.
Note to carrier: It is recommended that carriers develop clear policies, including any safety or security restrictions, on the acceptance of assistive devices, including medical devices such as Portable Oxygen Concentrators, and set out these policies in their tariff.
Note: For provisions related to limitations of liability regarding loss of, damage to, or delay in delivering mobility aids, refer to Rule 120(B)(5), Liability – Domestic Transportation, Mobility aids or Rule 121(B)(5), Liability – International Transportation, Mobility aids.
(H) Acceptance of service animals
The carrier will accept for transportation, without charge, a service animal required to assist a person with a disability provided that the animal is:
properly harnessed; and,
certified in writing as having been trained by a professional service animal institution.
Note to carrier: Any restrictions on the acceptance of service animals must be included in the carrier's tariff.
The carrier will permit the service animal to accompany the person with a disability on-board the aircraft and to remain on the floor at the person’s passenger seat. For the comfort of all passengers, the carrier staff will determine, in consultation with the person with a disability, where the person and service animal will be seated.
The carrier will assign a seat to the person which provides sufficient space for the person and the service animal. Where there is insufficient floor space in the seat row of the person’s passenger seat, the carrier will permit the service animal to remain on the floor in an area where the person can still exercise control over the animal.
The person is responsible for complying with all laws, regulations, orders, demands, and travel requirements of countries to be flown from, into or through, in respect to the service animal. In particular, the person is responsible for obtaining valid health and vaccination certificates, entry permits and other documents required by countries, states or territories for entry or transit of any service animal that is to accompany the person.
The carrier may refuse to transport a service animal if the person with a disability fails to have in their possession documentation at the time of check-in which demonstrates that the animal has all the necessary valid health and vaccination certificates, entry permits and other documents required by countries, states or territories for entry or transit. For more information see Rule 105, Refusal to Transport.
When travel involves more than one carrier, it is the responsibility of the person to verify the policy of each carrier involved in the itinerary and ensure that the requirements of each carrier have been met and that each carrier is aware of and has agreed to carry the service animal on its own aircraft.
Note: For provisions related to limitations of liability regarding service animals, refer to Rule 120(B)(5), Liability – Domestic Transportation, Service animals or Rule 121(B)(10), Liability – International Transportation, Service animals.
(I) Acceptance of emotional support animals
[Insert policy]
Note to carrier: Any policies regarding the acceptance of emotional support animals must be included in the carrier's tariff. Insofar as the carrier has previously accepted emotional support animals, it may choose to continue to recognize these types of animals and transport them free of charge pursuant to the carrier's established policy. Carriers are strongly encouraged to develop such policies to provide clarity to persons with disabilities who require these types of animals in order to travel.
(J) Other services for persons with disabilities
[Insert policy]
Note to carrier: Any policies regarding the provision of services to persons with disabilities in addition to those set out above (e.g., oxygen provision, stretcher service) must be included in the carrier’s tariff.
Rule 71: Carriage of persons with disabilities – Small Carrier non-ATPDR operating aircraft with 29 or less passenger seats
Note to carrier: This Rule is to be adopted by any carrier that declares itself a Small Carrier Non-ATPDR pursuant to Rule 5(G)(2) above and operating aircraft with 29 or less passenger seats.
The following provisions are derived from the Accessibility Guidelines for Small Aircraft – Services for persons with disabilities on aircraft with 29 and fewer passenger seats.
Obligations of the carrier include the duty to accommodate persons with disabilities up to the point of undue hardship and may go beyond what is specified in this tariff.
For carriers subject to the ATPDR (being an air carrier that transported a worldwide total of 1,000,000 passengers or more during each of the two preceding calendar years, within and to and from Canada.) see:
Rule 69, Carriage of persons with disabilities – Large Carrier ATPDR.
For carriers not subject to the ATPDR and operating aircraft with 30 or more passenger seats see:
Rule 70,Carriage of persons with disabilities – Small Carrier Non-ATPDR operating aircraft with 30 or more passenger seats.
(A) Application
This rule applies to the transportation of persons with disabilities by [Carrier Name], which is a Small Carrier Non-ATPDR that operates aircraft with 29 or less seats on its [insert one or both, as applicable: domestic and/or international] transportation services.
Note to carrier: The Accessibility Guidelines for Small Aircraft – Services for persons with disabilities on aircraft with 29 and fewer passenger seats contain obligations that are applicable only to Canadian carriers not subject to the ATPDR or the ATR in respect of their domestic operations. However, even if the ATPDR and the ATR do not impose requirements, all carriers have obligations to accommodate persons with disabilities to the point of undue hardship under human rights law. We strongly encourage all carriers not subject to the ATPDR to apply this rule for their international services using aircraft with 29 or fewer passenger seats, including for flight segments taking place entirely between foreign points.
Pursuant to Rule 5(A)(1), Application of tariff, this rule applies to the transportation of all persons with disabilities on all flights marketed and operated by [Carrier Name], and in respect to all flights marketed by [Carrier Name].
(B) Acceptance for carriage
The carrier will accept the determination made by or on behalf of a person with a disability as to self-reliance, unless doing so would impose undue hardship on the carrier, for example, if it would jeopardize security, public health or public safety.
The carrier will not refuse to transport a person with a disability solely based on their disability unless the transportation of the person would impose an undue hardship on the carrier, for example, if it would jeopardize security, public health or public safety.
In instances when refusing transportation to a person with a disability is necessary, the carrier will offer to provide to the person, within 10 days, a written explanation of the reason for the refusal, such as relevant rules, policies, procedures or regulations or evidence in respect of undue hardship.
See also: Rule 105(B), Refusal to transport, removal of passenger and rule 105(B)(1)(f)(iv), Refusal to transport, passenger’s condition, medical clearance
(C) Reservations – information about services and seating assignments
If a person self-identifies as a person with a disability when making a reservation with a carrier, the carrier will:
describe equipment and services available to accommodate persons with disabilities;
discuss both:
the level of accessibility and the limitations of the aircraft, the tarmac, the facilities and the availability of boarding equipment for the available services to accommodate that person's disability-related needs; and
the person's needs in relation to their disability and the services offered by the carrier in relation to those needs;
before assigning a passenger seat to a person with a disability, inform the person of the most accessible passenger seats that are available in the class of service that the person has requested;
in assigning a passenger seat to a person with a disability, take into account the person’s opinion with respect to which seats would best meet the accessibility needs of that person; and
where a person is travelling with a support person, ensure that the person and the support person are seated together.
Note to carrier: It is recommended that carriers develop a policy regarding support person airfares. If a carrier wishes to view the ATPDR provisions related to additional seating for persons with disabilities, see Rule 69(F)(3)(b)(i) Services for which advance notice is required. The carrier can also reference Additional seating and the One Person, One Fare requirement for domestic travel: A guide
The carrier will advise the person if information and/or documents are required to permit the carrier to assess their request.
(D) Written confirmation of services
The carrier will indicate in the record of a person’s travel reservation the services that the carrier will provide to the person.
The carrier will offer to provide a written confirmation of the services that it will provide to the person as soon as possible after the reservation has been made and before the flight.
(E) Services for which no advance notice is required
The services identified in (3) below will be provided at no additional fare or charge.
The carrier will not require a person with a disability to file information and/or documents, including a medical certificates, to support any request for services identified in (3) below.
Upon request, the carrier will:
[insert list of services for which no advance notice or information and/or documents is required]
Note to carrier: Although the ATR require 48 hours advance notice for all services, the more recent ATPDR require a number of services to be provided upon request and with no advance notice. In keeping with this, the carrier may be able to provide some services on request, without advance notice, or the submission of information and/or documents. Should the carrier choose to provide services requiring no advance notice, they are asked to identify those services above.
Note: For carrier responsibilities related to disembarkation of persons with disabilities when a flight is delayed on the tarmac at an airport in Canada, see Rule 92(C)(4) Priority disembarkation.
(F) Services for which advance notice is required
Note to carrier: If the carrier does not require advance notice and supporting information and/or documents for any of the services identified in (3) below, they should be moved up to (E)(3) above.
The services identified in (3) below will be provided at no additional fare or charge.
Every reasonable effort
In all instances, the carrier will make every reasonable effort to provide a service requested by a person with a disability even if the person does not comply with any requirement in this section, to provide advance notice or to provide information and/or documents to permit the carrier to assess the request.
Services – 48 hours advance notice
Subject to the carrier's requirement for the person with a disability to provide information and/or documents, the carrier will provide the following services if requested by a person with a disability at least 48 hours prior to the scheduled time of departure of the person's flight:
Assist the person with registration at the check-in counter;
Assist the person in proceeding to the boarding area;
Assist the person with boarding and deplaning using specialized equipment whenever possible. As a last recourse, a person may be carried by hand to enplane and deplane if the following applies:
restrictions inherent to the aircraft or the tarmac prevent the use of any other boarding/deplaning method;
the person agrees to be hand-carried; and,
this can be done safely.
Assist the person in boarding and deplaning;
Periodically inquire about the needs of the person who is in a wheelchair, is not independently mobile and is waiting to board an aircraft, and attend to those needs;
Allow the person, upon request, to board the aircraft in advance of other passengers, where time permits, where a person with a disability requests assistance in boarding or seating or in stowing carry-on baggage;
Note: The carrier can require a person with a disability, even in the absence of a person's request to do so, to board the aircraft in advance of other passengers in order that it has sufficient time to provide assistance, or the carrier can require a person to board after the other passengers, if the person arrives at the boarding area after the end of priority boarding.
Assist the person in stowing and retrieving carry-on baggage and retrieving checked baggage;
Assist the person with transferring to or from a mobility aid;
Assist the person with transferring to or from a passenger seat;
Assist the person in proceeding to the general public area or, in some cases, to a representative of another carrier;
Provide limited assistance with beverages and snacks – such as opening packages and identifying items;
[Insert any other services]
Note to carrier: Carrier should identify any other services it provides to persons with disabilities, where it requires advance notice.
Information and/or documents required to be filed with the carrier
The carrier will require the person to file any information and/or documents, including a medical certificate, that are reasonably necessary to permit the carrier to assess the person’s request for a service noted below:
[Insert any services]
Note to carrier: Carrier should identify here any services it provides to persons with disabilities for which it requires information and/or documents to be filed to assess a request. This cannot include any of the services identified in (E)(3) above, but the carrier may move services from (F)(3) above to here.
(G) Acceptance of aids
Upon request from a person with a disability, the carrier will carry, free of charge and as priority baggage, a person's mobility aid, where possible, and any other assistive aid, subject to any safety or security restrictions that would prevent such an aid from being transported.
The carrier will permit the person to retain their mobility aid until it becomes necessary to store it for carriage.
The carrier will permit a person to bring on-board, where possible, any small aid, including:
a walker, a cane, crutches or braces;
any device that assists the person to communicate; and
any prosthesis or small medical device.
Where the facilities, the tarmac, and the weather conditions permit, the carrier will allow a manually-operated wheelchair to be used to reach:
the boarding gate;
the stairs of the aircraft; or,
the door of the aircraft (for aircraft accessible via a boarding system).
Where the aircraft can carry the mobility aid, the carrier will:
disassemble and package, where necessary, the aid for transportation and unpackage and reassemble the aid upon arrival; and,
return the aid promptly upon arrival.
The carrier can refuse to transport a mobility aid where aircraft design does not permit the carriage of the aid, for example, the weight or size of the mobility aid exceeds the capacity of lifts or ramps, or the doors to baggage compartments are too small for the mobility aid, or transportation of the mobility aid would jeopardize aircraft airworthiness.
Where a carrier refuses to carry a mobility aid, the carrier will:
advise the person with a disability of alternate transportation arrangements that the person may make to transport the aid, or to travel with the aid.
Note to carrier: It is recommended that carriers develop clear policies, subject to any safety or security restrictions, on the acceptance of assistive devices, including medical devices such as Portable Oxygen Concentrators and set out these policies in their tariff.
Note: For provisions related to limitations of liability regarding loss of, damage to, or delay in delivering mobility aids, refer to Rule 120(B)(5), Liability – domestic transportation, mobility aids or Rule 121(B)(5), Liability – international transportation, mobility aids.
(H) Acceptance of service animals
The carrier will accept for transportation, without charge, a service animal required for disability-related needs provided the animal is:
properly harnessed; and,
certified in writing, as being trained by a professional service animal institution.
Note to carrier: Any restrictions regarding the acceptance of service animals must be included in the carrier's tariff here.
The carrier will permit the service animal to accompany the person with a disability on-board the aircraft and to remain on the floor at the person’s passenger seat. For the comfort of all passengers, the carrier staff will determine, in consultation with the person with a disability, where the person and service animal will be seated.
The carrier will assign a seat to the person which provides sufficient space for the person and the service animal. Where there is insufficient floor space in the seat row of the person’s passenger seat, the carrier will permit the service animal to remain on the floor in an area where the person can still exercise control over the animal.
The person is responsible for complying with all laws, regulations, orders, demands, and travel requirements of countries to be flown from, into or through, in respect to the service animal. In particular, the person is responsible for obtaining valid health and vaccination certificates, entry permits and other documents required by countries, states or territories for entry or transit of any service animal that is to accompany the person.
The carrier may refuse to transport a service animal if the person with a disability fails to have in their possession documentation at the time of check-in which demonstrates that the animal has all the necessary valid health and vaccination certificates, entry permits and other documents required by countries, states or territories for entry or transit. For more information see Rule 105, Refusal to Transport.
When travel involves more than one carrier, it is the responsibility of the person to verify the policy of each carrier involved in the itinerary and ensure that the requirements of each carrier have been met and that each carrier is aware of and has agreed to carry the service animal on its own aircraft.
Note: For provisions related to limitations of liability regarding service animals, refer to Rule 120(B)(5), Liability – domestic transportation, service animals or Rule 121(B)(10), Liability – international transportation, service animals.
(I) Acceptance of emotional support animals
[Insert policy]
Note to carrier: Any policies regarding the acceptance of emotional support animals must be included in the carrier's tariff. Insofar as the carrier has previously accepted emotional support animals, it may choose to continue to recognize these types of animals and transport them free of charge pursuant to the carrier's established policy. Carriers are strongly encouraged to develop such policies to provide clarity to persons with disabilities who require these types of animals in order to travel.
(J) Other services for persons with disabilities
[Insert policy]
Note to carrier: Any policies regarding the provision of services to persons with disabilities in addition to those set out above (e.g., oxygen provision, stretcher service) must be included in the carrier’s tariff.
Rule 75: Acceptance of animals (pets and search and rescue dogs)
With respect to terms and conditions related to the transport of any service dog, other service animal, or emotional support animal used to assist persons with disabilities please refer to:
Note to carrier: Carrier to choose from the following based on its declaration in Rule 5(G)(2) above.
[Rules 69(H), Acceptance of service dogs and (I), Acceptance of other service animals and emotional support animals], or
[Rules 70(H), Acceptance of service animals and (I), Acceptance of emotional support animals], and/or
[Rule 71(H), Acceptance of service animals and (I), Acceptance of emotional support animals].
(A) Application
The carrier will agree to carry animals subject to the following provisions:
(B) General
Advance arrangements must be made with the carrier before any animal will be accepted for carriage.
Before the animal is accepted for carriage, the passenger must make all necessary arrangements to obtain valid health and vaccination certificates, entry permits and other documents required by countries, states or territories for entry or transit. In the absence of such documentation, the animal will not be accepted for carriage.
When travel involves more than one carrier, the passenger should verify the policy of each carrier involved in the itinerary and ensure that the requirements of each carrier have been met and that each carrier is aware of and has agreed to carry the animal on its own aircraft.
(C) Search and rescue dogs
Search and rescue dogs which are properly harnessed will be permitted in the passenger cabin of the aircraft. The animal must remain on the floor at the handler’s seat.
The carrier will accept a search and rescue dog for transportation without charge.
The carrier, in consultation with the search and rescue dog’s handler, will determine where the handler will be seated to ensure that adequate space is provided to the handler and the dog.
(D) Pets
The provisions in this section are not applicable to service dogs, other service animals, emotional support animals and search and rescue animals.
The carrier will accept for carriage animals as pets such as domestic dogs, cats, rabbits, and birds, as either checked or carry-on baggage, provided the animal(s) is/are accompanied by a passenger, in compliance with the IATA Live Animal Regulations.
Animals must be contained in a clean, leak/escape proof cage or container/kennel with adequate space for the comfort of the animal. The cage or container/kennel must be approved by the carrier.
Note to carrier: State policy on whether there are additional charges for the carriage of animals as either checked or carry-on baggage.
Animals as checked baggage:
The number of animals carried is limited by aircraft type.
Due to climatic conditions, animals will not be accepted during certain periods of the year. These black-out periods will be posted on the carrier’s Web site or may be ascertained by contacting the carrier.
The maximum size for the container/kennel (length +width + height) must not exceed XXX cm/in.
The maximum allowable weight for both the animal and container/kennel must not exceed XXX kg/XXX lbs.
If the container/kennel exceeds the maximum size and/or maximum weight mentioned in (c) and (d) above, the passenger must make arrangements with the carrier’s cargo department.
For domestic and international transportation, pursuant to the provision of the applicable convention, once an animal is accepted for carriage as checked baggage, the carrier is liable in the event of damages arising from loss, damage and delay of an animal as specified in Rule 120, Liability – Domestic Transportation and Rule 121, Liability – International Transportation.
Charges: Note to carrier: If a carrier charges to transport animals then it must set out those charges here: The charge for transportation of the animal, (other than a service animal or search and rescue animal) and container/kennel as checked baggage will be as follows:
Charge of transportation of animal and container/kennel
From
To
Charge
(To be completed by carrier)
Pets in the cabin:
Only XXX animal(s) per passenger may be accepted for carriage in the passenger cabin.
The number of animals carried in the passenger cabin is limited to XXX animals per flight.
The maximum size permitted for the in-cabin animal container/kennel (length + width + height) must not exceed XXX cm/XXX in.
In determining the animals to be carried in the passenger cabin to remain under the limit per flight, priority will be given to service dogs, other service animals, and emotional support animals.
The maximum allowable weight for both the animal and in-cabin pet container/kennel must not exceed XXX kg/XXX lbs.
The in-cabin container/kennel must be stored under the seat directly in front of the passenger.
The in-cabin animal and container/kennel may be carried as part of the passenger's unchecked (carry-on) baggage allowance according to the number and size dimensions set out in Rule 55, Baggage acceptance.
The animal must remain in the container/kennel for the entire duration of the journey.
If the container/kennel exceeds the maximum size and/or maximum weight mentioned in (c) and (d) above, passengers will require to tender the animal as checked baggage.
The carrier may require a passenger with an in-cabin animal to change seats after boarding to accommodate other passengers. The carrier will reimburse seat selection fees or other additional charges related to class of service differences.
Charges: Note to carrier: If a carrier charges to transport animals then it must set out those charges here: The charge for transportation of an animal (except for Service Animals) and container/kennel in the passenger cabin will be as follows:
Charge of transportation of animal and container/kennel
From
To
Charge
(To be completed by carrier)
Rule 80: Administrative formalities – travel documents, customs and security
(A) General
The passenger is responsible for obtaining all required travel documents (passports, visas, tourist cards, health certificates, or other appropriate and necessary identification) including those of any children that are accompanied by the passenger.
The passenger is responsible for complying with all laws, regulations, orders, demands, and travel requirements of countries to be flown from, into or through and also for complying with the instructions of the carriers concerned.
(B) Travel documents
Prior to travel, the passenger must be prepared to submit for inspection to the carrier all travel documents required by the countries concerned.
The carrier will have the right to make and retain copies of the travel documents presented by the passenger.
As described in Rule 105, Refusal to transport, the carrier reserves the right to refuse transportation to any passenger who fails to present all exit, entry, health and other documents required by law, regulation, order, demand or other requirement of the countries where travel is intended or whose travel documents do not appear to be in order.
For international transportation including domestic segments on a passenger's itinerary, the carrier relies upon the information contained in [insert name of database] which may be accessed at www.________, in order to determine whether a passenger is in possession of the travel documentation required for themselves or any animal to enter a particular country or to travel via certain countries based on their confirmed itinerary.
Note to carrier: The carrier may rely on third party commercial databases, such as IATA's TIMATIC, which contain information on national immigration and health requirements, including the required travel documentation for entry into or travel via certain countries, including for any animal being transported with a passenger. The carrier is entitled to rely upon the information in these databases.
Passengers are strongly encouraged to confirm any necessary legal requirements for entry into or travel via the countries on their itinerary prior to their flights and to have proof of their compliance with such regulations, including being in possession of the relevant travel documents, in advance of check-in.
The carrier will not provide passengers with information on the travel document requirements, including visa, passport, and health requirements, for entry into, exit from, or travel via the countries on their itinerary.
(C) Customs and security matters
Customs and immigration officials of the various countries travelled to and via by the passenger and any animal being transported with the passenger, will have the final decision with respect to entry of passengers, or animals, and these decisions could be different than those of the carrier when it accepted the passenger or animal for transportation at the outset of their itinerary.
Note to carrier: If the carrier has policies in regards to any consequences to the passenger if they fail to comply with travel documentation, customs and security requirements, they must be stipulated here.
Rule 85: Ground transfer services
(A) General
This Rule is not applicable to transportation provided by means of bus or train for which the ticket was issued in conjunction with air transportation and where travel on those other modes of transportation are part of the contract of carriage issued by the carrier.
The carrier does not maintain, operate or provide ground transfer services between airports or between airports and city centres.
Any ground transfer service is performed by independent operators who are not and shall not be deemed to be, agents or servants of the carrier.
Rule 90: Delay or cancellation – outside the carrier’s control
(A) Applicability
This Rule applies to all passengers irrespective of the type of fare on which they are travelling or they have purchased.
This Rule applies in respect of a carrier when there is a delay or cancellation due to situations outside the carrier’s control. See Rule 90(C) for situations that are outside a carrier's control.
Note to carrier: This provision is to be included in the tariff of a Small Carrier APPR, where applicable:
Where [insert carrier name], a Small Carrier APPR, carries a passenger on behalf of a Large Carrier APPR under a commercial agreement with that carrier, it has the same obligations as a Large Carrier APPR towards that passenger that it carries.
(B) General
The carrier will make all reasonable efforts to transport the passenger and their baggage at the times indicated in its timetable and according to schedule; however, flight times are not guaranteed.
Personalized documents, such as a ticket/itinerary issued by the carrier for the passenger, which are consistent with the reservation held by the passenger form part of the contract of carriage between the carrier and the passenger.
A delay or cancellation that is directly attributable to an earlier delay or cancellation that is due to situations outside the carrier’s control, is considered to also be due to situations outside that carrier’s control if that carrier took all reasonable measures to mitigate the impact of the earlier flight delay or cancellation.
The passenger who attempts to check-in after the carrier’s check-in deadline or presents themselves at the boarding area after the carrier’s boarding time deadline as specified under Rule 40(E), Check-in time limits, will not receive consideration per Rule 90 and will have their reservations cancelled as specified under Rule 105, Refusal to transport.
For international itineraries, irrespective of the treatment that they may have received, a passenger may invoke the provisions of the Convention regarding liability in the case of passenger delay. (See Rule 121(B)(12), Liability – international transportation, passenger delay)
For domestic itineraries, irrespective of the treatment that may have been received, a passenger may invoke the provisions of Rule 120(B)(8), Liability – domestic transportation, passenger delay
Note to carrier: In respect of domestic services, the APPR apply the same rules and liability limits as those found in the Montreal Convention for lost and damaged baggage. For delayed baggage, as a result of prior Agency decisions, carriers are expected to set out limits of liability and related terms and conditions in their domestic tariffs which are consistent with the Montreal Convention. This is reflected under Rule 120(B)(1). The rules around liability for delayed baggage has changed due to Federal Court of Appeal Decision in (2022 FCA 211). This has resulted in the repeal of certain baggage requirements under the APPR. For a complete explanation on the change that has taken place to the rules around liability for delayed baggage for domestic services, see the Note to Carrier in Rule 120, Liability - domestic transportation. Rule 120(B)(9) also sets out liability provisions for death, bodily injury and passenger delay based on the obligations found in the Montreal Convention for international transportation. This is only provided as an example of carrier best practice in case the carrier wishes to harmonize these matters with the Montreal Convention as well.
In the case of delay or cancellation at the airport, the carrier will give priority to assistance to any person with a disability and to unaccompanied minors.
(C) Situations outside the carrier’s control
Situations outside the carrier’s control, include, but are not limited to the following:
war or political instability;
illegal acts or sabotage;
meteorological conditions or natural disasters that make the safe operation of the aircraft impossible;
instructions from air traffic control;
a NOTAM, (Notice to Airmen), as defined in subsection 101.01(1) of the Canadian Aviation Regulations;
a security threat;
airport operation issues;
a medical emergency;
a collision with wildlife;
a labour disruption within the carrier or within an essential service provider such as an airport or an air navigation service provider;
a manufacturing defect in an aircraft that reduces the safety of passengers and that was identified by the manufacturer of the aircraft concerned, or by a competent authority; and
an order or instruction from an official of a state or a law enforcement agency or from a person responsible for airport security.
(D) Communication with passengers — delay or cancellation outside the carrier's control
Carrier will communicate with passengers in accordance with the provisions of Rule 97, Communication of information – cancellation, delay, tarmac delay or denial of boarding.
(E) Alternate arrangements —delay or cancellation outside the carrier's control
If a flight is cancelled, or once a flight delay has reached three hours, the carrier will provide to the passenger, free of charge, a confirmed reservation on the next available flight that is operated by the carrier, or a carrier with which they have a commercial agreement, travelling on any reasonable air route from the airport at which the passenger is located to the destination that is indicated on the passenger's original ticket and departs within 48 hours after the departure time that is indicated on that ticket.
If the carrier cannot provide a confirmed reservation in accordance with (1) above, the carrier will, at the passenger's choice:
provide a refund for any unused portion of the ticket; or,
make the following alternate travel arrangements, free of charge:
Note to carrier: Carriers, depending on whether they are a Large Carrier APPR or Small Carrier APPR, will select the provision applicable to them. In most cases, there is no need to include both variations of the following provisions in the tariff. A Small Carrier APPR has the same obligations as a Large Carrier APPR towards a passenger that it carries on behalf of a Large Carrier APPR under a commercial agreement with that carrier. In these cases, both provisions should be included in the Small Carrier APPR's tariff.
Carriers uncertain whether they are large or small for the purposes of the APPR may contact Agency staff.
Large Carrier APPR:
a confirmed reservation for the next available flight that is operated by any carrier and is travelling on any reasonable air route from the airport at which the passenger is located, or another airport that is within a reasonable distance of that airport, to the destination that is indicated on the passenger’s original ticket, and
if the new departure is from an airport other than the one at which the passenger is located, transportation to that other airport.
Small Carrier APPR:
a confirmed reservation for the next available flight that is operated by the original carrier, or a carrier with which the original carrier has a commercial agreement, and is travelling on any reasonable air route from the airport at which the passenger is located to the destination that is indicated on the passenger’s original ticket.
Return to point of origin
If the passenger's trip no longer serves its purpose because of the disruption, and the passenger is no longer at their point of origin, then the carrier will provide the passenger, free of charge, with a confirmed reservation for a flight back to the point of origin that accommodates the passenger's travel needs, and refund the entire ticket (as if no part of the trip had been made).
Refund
A passenger who is eligible to be refunded as per (2) above, may choose a refund, pursuant to Rule 125 (A), General, and (B), Involuntary refunds, at any time prior to being provided with a confirmed reservation.
Comparable services
To the extent possible, the alternate travel arrangement must provide services that are comparable to those of the original ticket, including the carrier making every reasonable effort to maintain accessible seating assignments and any other accessibility-related accommodation for persons with disabilities.
Refund of additional services
The carrier will refund the cost of any additional services purchased in connection with the passenger's original ticket when the passenger is provided with alternate travel arrangements, if:
the passenger did not receive those services; or,
the passenger paid for those services a second time.
Higher class of service
If a higher class of service is booked for the passenger than was originally provided for on the passenger's original ticket, the carrier will not request supplementary payment from the passenger.
Lower class of service
If the alternate travel arrangements provide for a lower class of service than the original ticket, the carrier will refund the difference in the cost of the applicable portion of the ticket.
Method used for refund
Refunds under this section will be made in conformity with Rule 125 (A), General, and (B), Involuntary refunds, will be paid to the person who purchased the ticket or additional service, and will be paid using the method used for the original payment, unless:
the carrier has informed the person in writing of the monetary value of the original ticket or additional service, and the availability of a refund by the method used for the original payment;
the refund is offered in another form that does not expire; and,
the person confirms, in writing, that the carrier has informed them of their right to receive the refund by the method used for the original payment and that the person has chosen to receive the refund in another form (e.g. a travel credit).
Refund deadline
Where a refund is required to be provided under this Rule, it will be provided within 30 days of the flight disruption.
Rule 91: Delay or cancellation – within the carrier’s control and within the carrier's control but required for safety purposes
(A) Applicability
This Rule applies to all passengers irrespective of the type of fare on which they are travelling or they have purchased.
This Rule applies in respect of a carrier when there is delay or cancellation due to a situation that is within the carrier’s control and within the carrier's control but required for safety purposes. Rule 91(F) is applicable only if the delay or cancellation is within the carrier's control and is not required for safety purposes.
(B) General
The carrier will make all reasonable efforts to transport the passenger and their baggage at the times indicated in its timetable and according to schedule; however, flight times are not guaranteed.
Personalized documents, such as a ticket/itinerary issued by the carrier for the passenger, which are consistent with the reservation held by the passenger form part of the contract of carriage between the carrier and the passenger.
A delay or cancellation that is directly attributable to an earlier delay or cancellation that is within the carrier’s control but is required for safety purposes, is considered to also be within that carrier’s control but required for safety purposes, if that carrier took all reasonable measures to mitigate the impact of the earlier flight delay or cancellation.
The passenger who attempts to check-in after the carrier’s check-in deadline or presents themselves at the boarding area after the carrier’s boarding time deadline as specified under Rule 40(E), Check-in time limits, will not receive consideration per Rule 91 and will have their reservations cancelled as specified under Rule 105, Refusal to transport.
For international itineraries, irrespective of the treatment that they may have received, a passenger may invoke the provisions of the Convention regarding liability in the case of passenger delay. (See Rule 121(B)(14), Liability – international transportation, passenger delay)
For domestic itineraries, irrespective of the treatment that may have been received, a passenger may invoke provisions such as those that are set forth in Domestic Liability – Rule 120(B)(8), Liability – domestic transportation, passenger delay.
Note to carrier: In respect of domestic services, the APPR apply the same rules and liability limits as those found in the Montreal Convention for lost and damaged baggage. For delayed baggage, as a result of prior Agency decisions, carriers are expected to set out limits of liability and related terms and conditions in their domestic tariffs which are consistent with the Montreal Convention. This is reflected under Rule 120(B)(1).The rules around liability for delayed baggage has changed due to Federal Court of Appeal Decision in (2022 FCA 211). This has resulted in the repeal of certain baggage requirements under the APPR. For a complete explanation on the change that has taken place to the rules around liability for delayed baggage for domestic services, see the Note to Carrier in Rule 120, Liability - domestic transportation. Rule 120(B)(9) also sets out liability provisions for death, bodily injury and passenger delay based on the obligations found in the Montreal Convention for international transportation. This is only provided as an example of carrier best practice in case the carrier wishes to harmonize these matters with the Montreal Convention as well.
(C) Communication with passengers – delay or cancellation – within the carrier’s control and within the carrier's control but required for safety purposes
The carrier will communicate with passengers in accordance with the provisions of Rule 97, Communication of information – cancellation, delay, tarmac delay or denial of boarding.
(D) Alternate arrangements – delay or cancellation – within the carrier’s control and within the carrier's control but required for safety purposes
In case of a delay of three hours or more, if the passenger desires, or a flight cancellation, the carrier will provide the following alternate travel arrangements free of charge to ensure that each passenger completes their itinerary as soon as feasible:
Note to carrier: Carriers, depending on whether they are a Large Carrier APPR or Small Carrier APPR, will select the provision applicable to them. In most cases, there is no need to include both variations of the following provisions in their tariff. A Small Carrier APPR has the same obligations as a Large Carrier APPR towards a passenger that it carries on behalf of a Large Carrier APPR under a commercial agreement with that carrier. In these cases, both provisions should be included in the Small Carrier APPR's tariff.
Carriers uncertain whether they are large or small for the purposes of the APPR may contact Agency staff.
Large Carrier APPR:
a confirmed reservation for the next available flight that is operated by the original carrier, or a carrier with which the original carrier has a commercial agreement, is travelling on any reasonable air route from the airport at which the passenger is located to the destination that is indicated on the passenger’s original ticket and departs within 9 hours of the departure time that is indicated on that original ticket,
a confirmed reservation for a flight that is operated by any carrier and is travelling on any reasonable air route from the airport at which the passenger is located to the destination that is indicated on the passenger’s original ticket and departs within 48 hours of the departure time that is indicated on that original ticket if the carrier cannot provide a confirmed reservation that complies with subparagraph (a), or
if the carrier cannot provide a confirmed reservation that complies with subparagraph (a) or (b) (above),
a confirmed reservation for a flight that is operated by any carrier and is travelling on any reasonable air route from another airport that is within a reasonable distance of the airport at which the passenger is located to the destination that is indicated on the passenger’s original ticket and.
if the new departure is from an airport other than one at which the passenger is located, transportation to that other airport.
Small Carrier APPR:
a confirmed reservation for the next available flight that is operated by the original carrier, or a carrier with which the original carrier has a commercial agreement, and is travelling on any reasonable air route from the airport at which the passenger is located to the destination that is indicated on the passenger’s original ticket.
Refund
If the alternate travel arrangements offered, in accordance with (1) above, do not accommodate the passenger’s travel needs, the carrier will
in the case where the passenger is no longer at the point of origin that is indicated on the original ticket and the travel no longer serves a purpose because of the delay or cancellation, refund the ticket, pursuant Rule 125 (A), General, and (B), Involuntary refunds, and provide the passenger, free of charge, with a confirmed reservation that is for a flight to that point of origin which accommodates the passenger’s travel needs; and
in any other case, refund the unused portion of the ticket. The amount of the refund will be calculated pursuant to Rule 125 (A), General, and (B), Involuntary refunds.
Comparable services
To the extent possible, the alternate travel arrangement must provide services that are comparable to those of the original ticket, including the carrier making every reasonable effort to maintain accessible seating assignments and any other accessibility-related accommodation for persons with disabilities.
Refund of additional services
The carrier will refund the cost of any additional services purchased in connection with the passenger's original ticket when the passenger is provided with alternate travel arrangements, if:
the passenger did not receive those services; or
the passenger paid for those services a second time.
Higher class of service
If the alternate travel arrangements referred to in (1) above provide for a higher class of service than the original ticket, the carrier will not request supplementary payment.
Lower class of service
If the alternate travel arrangements provide for a lower class of service than the original ticket, the carrier will refund the difference in the cost of the applicable portion of the ticket.
Method used for refund
Refunds under this section will be made in conformity with Rule 125 (A), General, and (B), Involuntary refunds and will be paid to the person who purchased the ticket or additional service, and will be paid using the method used for the original payment, unless:
the carrier has informed the person in writing of the monetary value of the original ticket or additional service, and the availability of a refund by the method used for the original payment;
the refund is offered in another form that does not expire; and,
the person confirms, in writing, that the carrier has informed them of their right to receive the refund by the method used for the original payment and that the person has chosen to receive the refund in another form (e.g. a travel credit).
Refund deadline
Where a refund is required to be provided under this Rule, it will be provided within 30 days of the flight disruption.
(E) Standards of treatment – delay or cancellation – within the carrier’s control and within the carrier's control but required for safety purposes
If the passenger has been informed of the delay or of the cancellation less than 12 hours before the departure time that is indicated on their original ticket and they have waited two hours after the departure time that is indicated on their original ticket, the carrier must provide the passenger with the following treatment free of charge:
food and drink in reasonable quantities, taking into account the length of the wait, the time of day and the location of the passenger; and
access to a means of communication.
Accommodations
If the passenger has been informed of the delay or of the cancellation less than 12 hours before the departure time that is indicated on their original ticket and if the carrier expects that the passenger will be required to wait overnight for their original flight or for a flight reserved as part of alternate travel arrangements, the carrier must offer, free of charge, hotel or other comparable accommodation that is reasonable in relation to the location of the passenger, as well as transportation to the hotel or other accommodation and back to the airport.
Refusing or limiting treatment
The carrier may limit or refuse to provide a standard of treatment referred to in (1) and (2) above if providing that treatment would further delay the passenger.
(F) Compensation – delay or cancellation – within the carrier’s control and not required for safety purposes
Compensation for inconvenience is only payable when the delay or cancellation is within the carrier's control and is not required for safety purposes.
If a passenger is informed 14 days or less before the departure time on their original ticket that the arrival of their flight at the destination that was indicated on their ticket will be delayed, the carrier will provide the minimum compensation for inconvenience as follows:
Note to carrier: Carriers, depending on whether they are a Large Carrier APPR or Small Carrier APPR, will select the provision applicable to them. In most cases, there is no need to include both variations of the following provisions in their tariff. A Small Carrier APPR has the same obligations as a Large Carrier APPR towards a passenger that it carries on behalf of a Large Carrier APPR under a commercial agreement with that carrier. In these cases, both provisions should be included in the Small Carrier APPR's tariff.
Carriers uncertain whether they are large or small for the purposes of the APPR may contact Agency staff.
Large Carrier APPR:
$400, if the arrival of the passenger’s flight at the destination that is indicated on the original ticket is delayed by three hours or more, but less than six hours,
$700, if the arrival of the passenger’s flight at the destination that is indicated on the original ticket is delayed by six hours or more, but less than nine hours, or
$1,000, if the arrival of the passenger’s flight at the destination that is indicated on the original ticket is delayed by nine hours or more;
Small Carrier APPR:
$125, if the arrival of the passenger’s flight at destination that is indicated on the original ticket is delayed by three hours or more, but less than six hours,
$250, if the arrival of the passenger’s flight at the destination that is indicated on the original ticket is delayed by six hours or more, but less than nine hours, or
$500, if the arrival of the passenger’s flight at the destination on the original ticket is delayed by nine hours or more.
Compensation in case of refund
If the passenger’s ticket is refunded in accordance with (D)(2), the carrier will provide a minimum compensation of:
Note to carrier: Carriers, depending on whether they are a Large Carrier APPR or Small Carrier APPR, will select the provision applicable to them. In most cases, there is no need to include both variations of the following provisions in their tariff. A Small Carrier APPR has the same obligations as a Large Carrier APPR towards a passenger that it carries on behalf of a Large Carrier APPR under a commercial agreement with that carrier. In these cases, both provisions should be included in the Small Carrier's APPR tariff.
Carriers uncertain whether they are large or small for the purposes of the APPR may contact Agency staff.
Large Carrier APPR:
in the case of a Large Carrier APPR, $400,
OR
Small Carrier APPR:
in the case of a Small Carrier APPR, $125.
Deadline to file request
To receive the minimum compensation referred to in (2) or (3) above, a passenger must file a request for compensation with the carrier before the first anniversary of the day on which the flight delay or flight cancellation occurred.
Deadline to Respond
The carrier will, within 30 days after the day on which it receives the request, provide the compensation or an explanation as to why compensation is not payable.
Compensation for inconvenience
If the carrier is required by this tariff to provide compensation to a passenger, the carrier will offer it in form of money (i.e., cash, cheque, or bank transfer). However, the compensation may be offered in another form (e.g. a travel credit) if:
compensation in the other form has a greater monetary value than the minimum monetary value of the compensation that is required under the APPR;
the passenger has been informed in writing of the monetary value of the other form of compensation;
the other form of compensation does not expire; and
the passenger confirms in writing that they have been informed of their right to receive monetary compensation and have chosen the other form of compensation.
Rule 92: Tarmac delay
(A) Applicability
This Rule applies to all passengers experiencing a tarmac delay irrespective of the type of fare on which they are travelling or they have purchased.
For international itineraries, irrespective of the treatment that they may have received, a passenger may invoke the provisions of the Convention regarding liability in the case of passenger delay. (See Rule 121(B)(14), Liability – international transportation, passenger delay)
For domestic itineraries, irrespective of the treatment that they may have received, a passenger may invoke provisions such as those that are set out in Rule 120(B)(8), Liability – domestic transportation, passenger delay.
Note to carrier: In respect of domestic services, the APPR apply the same rules and liability limits as those found in the Montreal Convention for lost, and damaged baggage. For delayed baggage, as a result of prior Agency decisions, carriers are expected to set out limits of liability and related terms and conditions in their domestic tariffs which are consistent with the Montreal Convention. This is reflected under Rule 120(B)(1). The rules around liability for delayed baggage has changed due to Federal Court of Appeal Decision in (2022 FCA 211). This has resulted in the repeal of certain baggage requirements under the APPR. For a complete explanation on the change that has taken place to the rules around liability for delayed baggage for domestic services, see the Note to Carrier in Rule 120, Liability - domestic transportation. Rule 120(B)(19) also sets out liability provisions for death, bodily injury and passenger delay based on the obligations found in the Montreal Convention for international transportation. This is only provided as an example of carrier best practice in case the carrier wishes to harmonize these matters with the Montreal Convention as well.
(B) General
Passengers who experienced or are experiencing a tarmac delay may, depending on the circumstances, also find relief pursuant to:
Rule 90, Delay or cancellation- outside the carrier's control, or
Rule 91, Delay or cancellation- within the carrier's control and within the carrier's control but required for safety purposes.
Urgent medical assistance
If a passenger requires urgent medical assistance while the flight is delayed on the tarmac after the doors of the aircraft are closed for take-off or after the flight has landed, the carrier will facilitate access to the medical assistance.
Tarmac delay obligations – standards of treatment
If a flight is delayed on the tarmac after the doors of the aircraft are closed for take-off or after the flight has landed, the carrier will provide passengers with the following treatment, free of charge:
if the aircraft is equipped with lavatories, access to those lavatories in working order;
proper ventilation and cooling or heating of the aircraft;
if it is feasible to communicate with people outside of the aircraft, the means to do so; and
food and drink, in reasonable quantities, taking into account the length of the delay, the time of day and the location of the airport.
Communications and information
Once it becomes clear that the aircraft will experience a tarmac delay the carrier will communicate with passengers in accordance with the provisions of Rule 97, Communication of information – cancellation, delay, tarmac delay or denial of boarding.
(C) Tarmac delay (over 3 hours) carrier obligations at an airport in Canada
Passenger disembarkation
If a flight is delayed on the tarmac at an airport in Canada, the carrier will provide an opportunity for passengers to disembark:
three hours after the aircraft doors have been closed for take-off; and
three hours after the flight has landed, or at any earlier time if it is feasible.
Exception: Carrier is not required to provide an opportunity for passengers to disembark in accordance with (1) (above) if:
it is likely that take-off will occur less than three hours and 45 minutes after the doors of the aircraft are closed for take-off or after the flight has landed, and,
the carrier is able to continue to provide the standards of treatment referred to in (B)(3) (above).
If a passenger opts to disembark pursuant to Rule 92(C)(1) and the passenger fails to make themselves readily available for an immediate departure should that occur, the carrier:
cannot guarantee that the passenger can be re-accommodated on to the aircraft,
will treat the passenger, as appropriate, under the provisions of Rule 90, Delay or cancellation- outside the carrier's control or Rule 91, Delay or cancellation- within the carrier's control and within the carrier's control but required for safety purposes.
Priority disembarkation
If the carrier allows disembarkation, it will, if it is feasible, give passengers with disabilities and their support person, service animal or emotional support animal, if any, the opportunity to leave the aircraft first.
Exceptions
Rule 92(C)(1) does not apply if providing an opportunity for passengers to disembark is not possible, including if it is not possible for reasons related to safety and security or to air traffic or customs control.
Rule 95: Denial of boarding – outside the carrier’s control
(A) Applicability
This Rule applies to all passengers irrespective of the type of fare on which they are travelling or they have purchased.
This Rule applies in respect of a carrier when there is denial of boarding due to situations outside the carrier’s control. See Rule 95(C) for situations that are outside a carrier's control.
This Rule does not apply in the situation of a refusal to transport a passenger due to, for instance, health, safety or security reasons, or where the passenger has failed to follow carrier rules or instructions, has inappropriate travel documents or has failed to respect check-in time limits. To see the carrier's policies in this respect, refer to Rule 105, Refusal to transport.
(B) General
The carrier will make all reasonable efforts to transport the passenger and their baggage at the times indicated in its timetable and according to schedule; however, flight times are not guaranteed.
Personalized documents, such as a ticket/itinerary issued by the carrier for the passenger, which are consistent with the reservation held by the passenger form part of the contract of carriage between the carrier and the passenger.
The passenger holding a confirmed ticketed reservation must present themselves for carriage in accordance with this tariff having complied fully with the carrier’s applicable reservation, ticketing, check-in and boarding requirements within the time limits as set out in Rule 40.
The passenger who attempts to check-in after the carrier’s check-in deadline or presents themselves at the boarding area after the carrier’s boarding time deadline as specified under Rule 40(E), Check-in time limits, will not receive consideration per Rule 95 and will have their reservations cancelled as specified under Rule 105, Refusal to transport.
A denial of boarding that is directly attributable to an earlier delay or cancellation that is due to situations outside the carrier’s control, is considered to also be due to situations outside that carrier’s control if that carrier took all reasonable measures to mitigate the impact of the earlier flight delay or cancellation.
For international itineraries, irrespective of the treatment that they may have received, a passenger may invoke the provisions of the Convention regarding liability in the case of passenger delay. (See Rule 121(B)(12), Liability – international transportation, passenger delay)
For domestic itineraries, irrespective of the treatment that they may have received, a passenger may invoke provisions such as those that are set out in Rule 120(B)(8), Liability – domestic transportation, passenger delay.
Note to carrier: In respect of domestic services, the APPR apply the same rules and liability limits as those found in the Montreal Convention for lost and damaged baggage For delayed baggage, as a result of prior Agency decisions, carriers are expected to set out limits of liability and related terms and conditions in their domestic tariffs which are consistent with the Montreal Convention. This is reflected under Rule 120(B)(1). The rules around liability for delayed baggage has changed due to Federal Court of Appeal Decision in (2022 FCA 211). This has resulted in the repeal of certain baggage requirements under the APPR. For a complete explanation on the change that has taken place to the rules around liability for delayed baggage for domestic services, see the Note to Carrier in Rule 120, Liability - domestic transportation. Rule 120(B)(9) also sets out liability provisions for death, bodily injury and passenger delay based on the obligations found in the Montreal Convention for international transportation. This is only provided as an example of carrier best practice in case the carrier wishes to harmonize these matters with the Montreal Convention as well.
(C) Situations outside the carrier’s control
Situations outside the carrier’s control, include, but are not limited to the following:
war or political instability;
illegal acts or sabotage;
meteorological conditions or natural disasters that make the safe operation of the aircraft impossible;
instructions from air traffic control;
a NOTAM, (Notice to Airmen) as defined in subsection 101.01(1) of the Canadian Aviation Regulations;
a security threat;
airport operation issues;
a medical emergency;
a collision with wildlife;
a labour disruption within the carrier or within at an essential service provider such as an airport or an air navigation service provider;
a manufacturing defect in an aircraft that reduces the safety of passengers and that was identified by the manufacturer of the aircraft concerned, or by a competent authority; and
an order or instruction from an official of a state or a law enforcement agency or from a person responsible for airport security.
(D) Communication with passengers – denial of boarding – outside the carrier’s control
Carrier will communicate with passengers in accordance with the provisions of Rule 97, Communication of information – cancellation, delay, tarmac delay or denial of boarding.
(E) Alternate arrangements – denial of boarding outside the carrier’s control
If there is denial of boarding due to situations outside the carrier’s control, the carrier will provide alternate travel arrangements, free of charge, to ensure that passengers complete their itinerary as soon as feasible:
Note to carrier: Carriers, depending on whether they are Large Carrier APPR or Small Carrier APPR, will select the provision applicable to them. In most cases, there is no need to include both variations of the following provisions in their tariff. A Small Carrier APPR has the same obligations as a Large Carrier APPR towards a passenger that it carries on behalf of a Large Carrier APPR under a commercial agreement with that carrier. In these cases, both provisions should be included in the Small Carrier APPR's tariff.
Carriers uncertain whether they are large or small for the purposes of the APPR may contact Agency staff.
Large Carrier APPR:
a confirmed reservation for the next available flight that is operated by the original carrier, or a carrier with which the original carrier has a commercial agreement, is travelling on any reasonable air route from the airport at which the passenger is located to the destination that is indicated on the passenger’s original ticket and departs within 48 hours of the end of the event that caused the denial of boarding,
if the carrier cannot provide a confirmed reservation that complies with subparagraph (a) (above),
a confirmed reservation for a flight that is operated by any carrier and is travelling on any reasonable air route from the airport at which the passenger is located, or another airport that is within a reasonable distance of that airport, to the destination that is indicated on the passenger’s original ticket, and
if the new departure is from an airport other than the one at which the passenger is located, transportation to that other airport.
Small Carrier APPR:
a confirmed reservation for the next available flight that is operated by the original carrier, or a carrier with which the original carrier has a commercial agreement, and is travelling on any reasonable air route from the same airport to the destination that is indicated on the passenger’s original ticket.
Comparable services
To the extent possible, the alternate travel arrangement must provide services that are comparable to those of the original ticket, including the carrier making every reasonable effort to maintain accessible seating assignments and any other accessibility-related accommodation for persons with disabilities.
Refund of additional services
The carrier will refund the cost of any additional services purchased in connection with the passenger's original ticket when the passenger is provided with alternate travel arrangements, if:
the passenger did not receive those services; or,
the passenger paid for those services a second time.
Higher class of service
If a higher class of service is booked for the passenger than was originally provided for on the passenger's original ticket, the carrier will not request supplementary payment from the passenger.
Lower class of service
If the alternate travel arrangements provide for a lower class of service than the original ticket, the carrier will refund the difference in the cost of the applicable portion of the ticket.
Method used for refund
Refunds under this section will be made in conformity with Rule 125 (A), General, and (B), Involuntary refunds, will be paid to the person who purchased the ticket or additional service, and will be paid using the method used for the original payment, unless:
the carrier has informed the person in writing of the monetary value of the original ticket or additional service, and the availability of a refund by the method used for the original payment;
the refund is offered in another form that does not expire; and,
the person confirms, in writing, that the carrier has informed them of their right to receive the refund by the method used for the original payment and that the person has chosen to receive the refund in another form (e.g. a travel credit).
Refund deadline
Where a refund is required to be provided under this Rule, it will be provided within 30 days of the flight disruption.
Refunds
[Insert carrier's policy on refunds]
Note to carrier: The APPR obligate a carrier to provide refunds for incidental services purchased but not used (e.g. seat selection), and the difference in cost for a lower class of service. However, the APPR do not require that carriers provide a refund in respect of any unused portions of an airline ticket when passengers are denied boarding for situations outside the carrier's control. Nevertheless, the ATR requires a carrier to state its policies in respect of refunds for any unused portion of a ticket.
Rule 96: Denial of boarding – within the carrier’s control and within the carrier's control but required for safety purposes
(A) Applicability
This Rule applies to all passengers irrespective of the type of fare on which they are travelling or have purchased.
This Rule applies in respect of a carrier when there is a denial of boarding due to a situation that is within the carrier’s control and within the carrier's control but required for safety. (G) is only applicable if the denial of boarding is within the carrier's control and is not required for safety purposes.
This Rule does not apply in the situation of a refusal to transport a passenger due to, for instance, health, safety or security reasons, or where the passenger has failed to follow carrier rules or instructions, has inappropriate travel documents or has failed to respect check-in time limits or gate cut-off times. See Rule 105, Refusal to transport for the carrier's policies in this respect.
(B) General
The carrier will make all reasonable efforts to transport the passenger and their baggage at the times indicated in its timetable and according to schedule; however, flight times are not guaranteed.
Personalized documents, such as a ticket/itinerary issued by the carrier for the passenger, which are consistent with the reservation held by the passenger form part of the contract of carriage between the carrier and the passenger.
The passenger holding a confirmed ticketed reservation must present themselves for carriage in accordance with this tariff having complied fully with the carrier’s applicable reservation, ticketing, check-in and boarding requirements within the time limits set out in Rule 40.
A denial of boarding that is directly attributable to an earlier delay or cancellation that is within that carrier’s control but is required for safety purposes, is considered to also be within that carrier’s control but required for safety purposes if that carrier took all reasonable measures to mitigate the impact of the earlier flight delay or cancellation.
The passenger who attempts to check-in after the carrier’s check-in deadline or presents themselves at the boarding area after the carrier’s boarding time deadline as specified under Rule 40(E), Check-in time limits, will not receive consideration per Rule 96 and will have their reservations cancelled as specified under Rule 105, Refusal to transport.
For international itineraries, irrespective of the treatment that they may have received, a passenger may invoke the provisions of the Convention regarding liability in the case of passenger delay. (See Rule 121(B)(12), Liability – international transportation, passenger delay)
For domestic itineraries, irrespective of the treatment that they may have received, a passenger may invoke provisions as those that are set forth in Rule 120(B)(8), Liability – domestic transportation, passenger delay.
Note to carrier: In respect of domestic services, the APPR apply the same rules and liability limits as those found in the Montreal Convention for lost and damaged baggage. For delayed baggage, as a result of prior Agency decisions, carriers are expected to set out limits of liability and related terms and conditions in their domestic tariffs which are consistent with the Montreal Convention. This is reflected under Rule 120(B)(1). The rules around liability for delayed baggage has changed due to Federal Court of Appeal Decision in (2022 FCA 211). This has resulted in the repeal of certain baggage requirements under the APPR. For a complete explanation on the change that has taken place to the rules around liability for delayed baggage for domestic services, see the Note to Carrier in Rule 120, Liability - domestic transportation. Rule 120(B)(9) also sets out liability provisions for death, bodily injury and passenger delay based on the obligations found in the Montreal Convention for international transportation. This is only provided as an example of carrier best practice in case the carrier wishes to harmonize these matters with the Montreal Convention as well.
(C) Denial of boarding – within the carrier's control and within the carrier's control but required for safety purposes – request for volunteers
In cases of denial of boarding within the carrier’s control and within the carrier's control but required for safety purposes, the carrier will not deny boarding to a passenger unless it has asked all passengers if they are willing to give up their seat. As such, the carrier will make an announcement and ask for volunteers to relinquish their seats from among the confirmed passengers. At the same time, the carrier will announce what type of benefits passengers will be entitled to should they voluntarily relinquish their seat. The carrier will advise any passenger who expresses an interest in relinquishing their seat of the amount of compensation a passenger could receive pursuant to (G)(1) if there is a denial of boarding.
Attempts to find volunteers may take place at the check-in or boarding areas. The carrier may also seek volunteers before the passenger arrives at the airport. The carrier will continue to make this request of passengers until it obtains enough volunteers to prevent a denial of boarding or until it determines that it does not, despite its best efforts, have enough volunteers.
If the carrier offers a benefit in exchange for a passenger willingly relinquishing their seat in accordance with (1) (above) and a passenger accepts the offer, or if they negotiate a benefit acceptable to both parties, the carrier will provide the passenger with a written confirmation of that benefit before the flight departs. A passenger who willingly relinquishes their seat is not considered to be a passenger who has been subject to a denial of boarding by the carrier and as such, is not entitled to compensation pursuant to (G).
Passenger on aircraft
The carrier will not deny boarding to a passenger who is already on-board the aircraft unless the denial of boarding is required for reasons of safety. However, passengers may still elect to volunteer to relinquish their seat if already on-board the aircraft in exchange for benefits agreed upon with the carrier.
Priority for boarding
If denial of boarding is necessary, the carrier will give priority for boarding to passengers in the following order:
an unaccompanied minor;
a person with a disability and their support person, service dog or other service animal, or emotional support animal, if any;
a passenger who is travelling with family members;
a passenger who was previously denied boarding on the same ticket;
all other passengers with confirmed and ticketed reservations in the order in which they presented themselves for check-in.
Note to carrier: (5)(e) above gives priority on the basis of check-in time. If carriers have other policies which establish boarding priorities for passengers in the case of denied boarding, e.g. fare paid, class of service, elite status, then the carrier also must set out these policies in its tariff.
(D) Communication with passengers – denial of boarding – within the carrier’s control and within the carrier's control but required for safety purposes
Carrier will communicate with passengers in accordance with the provisions of Rule 97, Communication of information – cancellation, delay, tarmac delay or denial of boarding.
(E) Alternate arrangements – denial of boarding – within the carrier’s control and within the carrier's control but required for safety purposes
In the case where there is a denial of boarding for situations within the carrier’s control or within the carrier's control but required for safety purposes, the carrier will provide to each passenger, free of charge, the following alternate travel arrangements to ensure that the passenger completes their itinerary as soon as feasible:
Note to carrier: Carriers, depending on whether they are a Large Carrier APPR or Small Carrier APPR, will select the provision applicable to them. In most cases, there is no need to include both variations of the following provisions in their tariff. A Small Carrier APPR has the same obligations as a Large Carrier APPR towards a passenger that it carries on behalf of a Large Carrier APPR under a commercial agreement with that carrier. In these cases, both provisions should be included in the Small Carrier APPR's tariff.
Carriers uncertain whether they are large or small for the purposes of the APPR may contact Agency staff.
Large Carrier APPR
a confirmed reservation for the next available flight that is operated by the original carrier, or a carrier with which the original carrier has a commercial agreement, is travelling on any reasonable air route from the airport at which the passenger is located to the destination that is indicated on the passenger’s original ticket and departs within 9 hours of the departure time that is indicated on that original ticket,
a confirmed reservation for a flight that is operated by any carrier and is travelling on any reasonable air route from the airport at which the passenger is located to the destination that is indicated on the passenger’s original ticket and departs within 48 hours of the departure time that is indicated on that original ticket if the carrier cannot provide a confirmed reservation that complies with subparagraph (a), or
if the carrier cannot provide a confirmed reservation that complies with subparagraph (a) or (b) (above),
a confirmed reservation for a flight that is operated by any carrier and is travelling on any reasonable air route from another airport that is within a reasonable distance of the airport at which the passenger is located to the destination that is indicated on the passenger’s original ticket and
if the new departure is from an airport other than one at which the passenger is located, transportation to that other airport.
Small Carrier APPR
a confirmed reservation for the next available flight that is operated by the original carrier, or a carrier with which the original carrier has a commercial agreement, and is travelling on any reasonable air route from the airport at which the passenger is located to the destination that is indicated on the passenger’s original ticket.
Refund
If the alternate travel arrangements offered in accordance with (F)(1) do not accommodate the passenger’s travel needs, the carrier will
in the case where the passenger is no longer at the point of origin that is indicated on the original ticket and the travel no longer serves a purpose because of denied boarding, refund the ticket, pursuant to Rule 125 (A), General, and (B), Involuntary refunds, and provide the passenger, free of charge, with a confirmed reservation that is for a flight to that point of origin which accommodates the passenger’s travel needs; and
in any other case, refund the unused portion of the ticket. The amount of the refund will be calculated pursuant to Rule 125 (A), General, and (B), Involuntary refunds.
Comparable services
To the extent possible, the alternate travel arrangement must provide services comparable to those of the original ticket, including the carrier making every reasonable effort to maintain accessible seating assignments and any other accessibility-related accommodation for persons with disabilities.
Refund of additional services
The carrier will refund the cost of any additional services purchased in connection with the passenger's original ticket when the passenger is provided with alternate travel arrangements, if:
the passenger did not receive those services on the alternate flight; or
the passenger paid for those services a second time.
Higher class of service
If the alternate travel arrangements referred to in (1) above provide for a higher class of service than the original ticket, the carrier will not request supplementary payment.
Lower class of service
If the alternate travel arrangements provide for a lower class of service than the original ticket, the carrier will refund the difference in the cost of the applicable portion of the ticket.
Method used for refund
Refunds under this section will be made in conformity with Rule 125 (A), General, and (B), Involuntary refunds and will be paid to the person who purchased the ticket or additional service, and will be paid using the method used for the original payment, unless:
the carrier has informed the person in writing of the monetary value of the original ticket or additional service, and the availability of a refund by the method used for the original payment;
the refund is offered in another form that does not expire; and,
the person confirms, in writing, that the carrier has informed them of their right to receive the refund by the method used for the original payment and that the person has chosen to receive the refund in another form (e.g. a travel credit).
Refund deadline
Where a refund is required to be provided under this Rule, it will be provided within 30 days of the flight disruption.
(F) Standards of treatment – denial of boarding – within the carrier’s control and within the carrier's control but required for safety purposes
Before a passenger boards the flight reserved as an alternate travel arrangement per (E)(1), the carrier will provide them with the following treatment free of charge:
food and drink in reasonable quantities, taking into account the length of the wait, the time of day and the location of the passenger; and
access to a means of communication.
Accommodations
If the carrier expects that the passenger will be required to wait overnight for a flight reserved as part of alternate travel arrangements, the air carrier must offer, free of charge, hotel or other comparable accommodation that is reasonable in relation to the location of the passenger as well as transportation to the hotel or other accommodation and back to the airport.
Refusing or limiting treatment
The carrier may limit or refuse to provide a standard of treatment referred to (1) and (2) above, if providing that treatment would further delay the passenger.
(G) Compensation – denial of boarding – within the carrier’s control and not required for safety purposes.
Compensation is only payable when the denial of boarding is within the carrier's control and is not required for safety purposes.
Compensation for denial of boarding
If a denial of boarding that is within the carrier’s control occurs, the carrier will provide the following compensation for inconvenience to the affected passenger:
$900, if the arrival time of the passenger's flight at the destination that is indicated on the original ticket is delayed by less than six hours;
$1,800, if the arrival of the passenger's flight at the destination that is indicated on the original ticket is delayed by six hours or more, but less than nine hours; and
$2,400, if the arrival of the passenger's flight at the destination that is indicated on the original ticket is delayed by nine hours or more.
Payment
The carrier will provide the compensation to the passenger as soon as it is operationally feasible, but not later than 48 hours after the denial of boarding.
Estimated arrival time
If the compensation is paid before the arrival of the flight reserved as part of alternate travel arrangements made pursuant to (E)(1) above, at the destination that is indicated on their ticket, that compensation will be based on the flight's expected arrival time.
Written confirmation
If it is not possible to provide the compensation before the boarding time of the flight reserved as part of alternate travel arrangements made pursuant to (E)(1) above, the carrier will provide the passenger with a written confirmation of the amount of the compensation that is owed.
Adjustment
If the arrival of the passenger's flight at the destination that is indicated on their original ticket is after the time it was expected to arrive when the compensation was paid or confirmed in writing and the amount that was paid or confirmed no longer reflects the amount due in accordance with (2), the carrier will adjust the amount of the compensation.
Compensation for inconvenience
If the carrier is required by (2) above to provide compensation for a denial of boarding to a passenger, the carrier will offer it in form of money (i.e. cash, cheque, or bank transfer). However, the compensation may be offered in another form (e.g. a travel credit) if:
compensation in the other form has a greater monetary value than the minimum monetary value of the compensation that is required under the APPR.
the passenger has been informed in writing of the monetary value of the other form of compensation;
the other form compensation does not expire; and
the passenger confirms in writing that they have been informed of their right to receive monetary compensation and have chosen the other form of compensation.
Rule 97 – Communication of information – cancellation, delay, tarmac delay, or denial of boarding
(A) General
In cases where one of the following applies:
Rule 90, Delay or cancellation – outside the carrier’s control,
Rule 91, Delay or cancellation – within the carrier’s control and within the carrier's control but required for safety purposes,
Rule 92, Tarmac delay,
Rule 95, Denial of boarding – outside the carrier’s control, or
Rule 96, Denial of boarding – within the carrier’s control and within the carrier's control but required for safety purposes,
pursuant to the provisions of the APPR, the carrier will provide the following information to the affected passengers:
the reason for the delay, cancellation, or denial of boarding;
the compensation to which the passenger may be entitled for the inconvenience;
the standard of treatment for passengers, if any; and
the recourse available against the carrier, including their recourse to the Agency.
In the case of a delay, the carrier will communicate status updates every 30 minutes until a new departure time for the flight is set or alternate travel arrangements have been made for the affected passenger.
The carrier will communicate new information to passengers as soon as feasible
The information of paragraph (1) above will be provided by means of audible announcements. Visible announcements will be provided upon request.
The information of paragraph (1) above will also be provided to the passenger using the available communication method that the passenger has indicated that they prefer, including a method that is compatible with adaptive technologies intended to assist persons with disabilities.
Rule 98 – Schedule irregularities
Note to carrier: The APPR prescribes certain minimum obligations for carriers in situations of flight delay, tarmac delay, flight cancellation, and denied boarding as set out in Rule 90, Delay or cancellation – outside the carrier's control; Rule 91, Delay or cancellation – within the carrier's control and within the carrier's control but required for safety purposes; Rule 92, Tarmac delay; Rule 95, Denial of boarding – outside the carrier's control; Rule 96, Denial of boarding – within the carrier's control and within the carrier's control but required for safety purposes; and Rule 97, Communication of information – cancellation, delay, tarmac delay, or denial of boarding. For any situations not addressed by the APPR, the carrier must state its policies in respect of those situations in its tariff. See the ATR, paragraph 122(c) for international requirements, and paragraph 107(1)(n) for domestic requirements. Other schedule irregularities include, for example:
Schedule changes where flight times have been changed for either an earlier or later time but do not fall within the APPR timelines;
Change of routing, or the addition or deletion of a stop;
Equipment changes which may increase or decrease the capacity of a flight (may or may not affect seat assignments); and
Substitution of a different class of service.
Rule 105: Refusal to transport
Definitions
For the purposes of Rule 105:
“Force majeure” means any unforeseeable circumstances beyond the carrier’s control, the consequences of which could not have been avoided even if all due care had been exercised including, but without limitation, meteorological and geological conditions, acts of God, pandemics, strikes, riots, civil commotions, embargoes, wars, hostilities, disturbances, unsettled international conditions, shortage of fuel or facilities, or labour disputes, either actual, threatened or reported.
(A) Applicability
A refusal to transport a passenger only occurs in situations when the carrier operates a flight on which the passenger had a confirmed reservation but that specific passenger is not permitted to continue their journey on that flight due to any reasons specified in the paragraphs below. Refusal to transport can occur at the start of any journey or while the passenger is en route to their destination.
Flight delay, flight cancellation and denial of boarding do not constitute a situation of refusal to transport.
(B) Refusal to transport – removal of passenger
The carrier will refuse to transport, or will remove any passenger at any point, for any of the following reasons:
Government requests and regulations and force majeure
Whenever it is necessary or advisable to:
comply with any government regulation;
comply with any government request for emergency transportation; or,
address force majeure.
Search of passenger and property
When the passenger refuses to permit a search of their person or property for explosives or for concealed, prohibited, deadly or dangerous weapon(s) or article(s).
Proof of identity/age
When the passenger refuses a request to produce government-issued identification to demonstrate proof of identity.
Applicable only to travel within Canada:
Note: The carrier is obliged to screen each passenger by looking at the passenger, and in particular the passenger’s entire face, to determine if they appear to be 18 years of age or older.
The carrier is also required to screen each passenger who appears to be 18 years of age or older by comparing the passenger, and in particular the passenger’s entire face, against one piece of government-issued photo identification that shows the passenger’s name, date of birth and gender; or two pieces (without photo) of government-issued identification at least one of which shows the passenger’s name, date of birth and gender.
Applicable only to travel from Canada:
Note: The carrier is required to screen each passenger by looking at the passenger, and in particular the passenger’s entire face, to determine if they appear to be 18 years of age or older.
The carrier is also required to screen each passenger who appears to be 18 years of age or older by comparing the passenger, and in particular the passenger’s entire face, against one piece of government-issued photo identification that shows the passenger’s name, date of birth and gender.
Immigration or other similar considerations
When the passenger is to travel across any international boundary, if:
The travel documents of the passenger are not in order; or,
For any reason the passenger’s embarkation from, transit through, or entry into any country from, through, or to which the passenger desires transportation would be unlawful or would otherwise not be permitted.
Failure to comply with carrier’s rules and regulations
When the passenger fails or refuses to comply with rules and regulations of the carrier as stated in this tariff.
Passenger’s condition
When the passenger’s actions or inactions prove to the carrier that their mental, intellectual or physical condition is such as to render them incapable of caring for themselves without assistance or medical treatment en route unless:
the passenger is accompanied by a support person who will be responsible for assisting with the passenger’s needs en-route such as assistance with eating, using the washroom facilities or administering medication which are beyond the range of services that are normally offered by the carrier; and,
the passenger complies with requirements of Rule 69(B), Acceptance for carriage; Rule 70(B), Acceptance for carriage; or Rule 71(B), Acceptance for carriage.
Exception: The carrier will accept the determination made by or on behalf of a person with a disability as to self-reliance, except where accepting the person could jeopardize security, public health or public safety as per Rule 69(B), Acceptance for carriage; Rule 70(B), Acceptance for carriage; or Rule 71(B), Acceptance for carriage.
Note: If the passenger is accompanied by a support person and the passenger is refused transport, then the support person will also be refused transport and the two will be removed from the aircraft together.
When the passenger has a contagious disease.
When the passenger has an offensive odour.
Medical clearance
When the carrier determines, in good faith and using its reasonable discretion, that a passenger’s medical or physical condition involves an unusual hazard or risk to their self or other persons (including, in the case of expectant mothers, unborn children) or property, the carrier can require the passenger to provide a medical certificate that then may be assessed by the carrier’s own medical officer as a condition of the passenger’s acceptance for subsequent travel. The carrier may refuse transportation to the person posing such hazard or risk.
Note: Pregnant passengers:
An expectant mother with a complication-free pregnancy can travel on the carrier’s flights up to the XXth week of pregnancy or up to four weeks before the expected due date without a medical certificate.
Note to carrier: As a guide, various carriers use the 36th week of pregnancy as a cut-off point. If a carrier has a policy in respect to the carriage of a pregnant passenger, it must state its policy here.
An expectant mother who is in or beyond the XXth week of pregnancy must present a medical certificate, dated within 72 hours of the scheduled time of departure. The certificate must state that the physician has examined the patient and found them to be physically fit for travel by air and the certificate must state the estimated date of birth.
Failure to provide a suitable escort
When the passenger requires an escort due to a mental health condition and is under care of a psychiatric institution or in the custody of law enforcement personnel or other responsible authority and the necessary arrangements have not been made with the carrier in advance of the departure of the flight.
However, the carrier will accept escorted passengers under the following conditions when the passenger has a mental health condition and is under care of a psychiatric institution or in the custody of law enforcement personnel or other responsible authority:
Medical authority furnishes assurance, in writing, that an escorted person with a mental health condition can be transported safely.
Only XX escorted passenger(s) will be permitted on a flight.
Request for carriage is made at least 48 hours before scheduled departure.
Acceptance is applicable to transportation on flights marketed and operated by [Carrier name] only.
The escort must accompany the escorted passenger at all times.
Passenger in custody of law enforcement personnel or other responsible authority must be manacled.
(C) Passenger’s conduct – refusal to transport – prohibited conduct and sanctions
Prohibited conduct
Without limiting the generality of the preceding provisions, the following constitutes prohibited conduct where it may be necessary, in the reasonable discretion of the carrier, to take action to ensure the physical comfort or safety of the person, other passengers, and the carrier’s employees; the safety of the aircraft; the unhindered performance of the crew members in their duty on-board the aircraft; or, safe and adequate flight operations:
The person, in the reasonable judgement of a responsible employee of the carrier, is under the influence of alcohol or drugs (except a patient under medical care).
The person’s conduct, or condition is or has been known to be abusive, offensive, threatening, intimidating, violent or otherwise disorderly, and, in the reasonable judgement of a responsible employee of the carrier, there is a possibility that the person would cause disruption or serious impairment to the physical comfort or safety of other passengers or carrier’s employees, interfere with a crew member in the performance of their duties, or otherwise jeopardize safe and adequate flight operations.
The person’s conduct involves any hazard or risk to their self or other persons (including travel involving pregnant passengers or unborn children) or to property.
The person fails to observe the instructions of the aircraft crew, including instructions to stop any prohibited conduct.
The person is unable or unwilling to sit in their assigned seat with the seat belt fastened.
The person smokes or attempts to smoke in the aircraft.
The person uses or continues to use a cellular phone, a laptop computer or another electronic device on-board the aircraft after being advised to stop such use by a member of the crew.
The person is barefoot.
The person is inappropriately dressed.
The person has a prohibited article or concealed or unconcealed weapon(s). However, the carrier will carry law enforcement or armed forces personnel who meet the qualifications and conditions established under government regulations.
The person has resisted or may reasonably be believed to be capable of resisting escorts.
Carrier response to prohibited conduct
Where, in the exercise of its reasonable discretion, the carrier decides that the passenger has engaged in prohibited conduct described above, the carrier may impose any combination of the following sanctions:
Removal of the passenger at any point.
Probation: At any time, the carrier may stipulate that the passenger is to follow certain probationary conditions, such as to not engage in prohibited conduct, in order for the carrier to provide transport to the passenger. Such probationary conditions may be imposed for any length of time which, in the exercise of the carrier’s reasonable discretion, is necessary to ensure the passenger continues to avoid prohibited conduct.
Refusal to transport the passenger: The length of this refusal to transport may range from a one-time refusal to a longer period determined at the reasonable discretion of the carrier in light of the circumstances. Such refusal will be for a period appropriate to the nature of the prohibited conduct and until the carrier is satisfied that the passenger no longer constitutes a threat to the safety of other passengers, crew or the aircraft or to the comfort of other passengers or crew; the unhindered performance of the crew members in their duty on-board the aircraft; or safe and adequate flight operations.
The following conduct will automatically result in a refusal to transport:
The person continues to interfere with the performance of a crew member’s duties despite verbal warnings by the crew to stop such behaviour.
The person injures a crew member or other passenger or subjects a crew member or other passenger to a credible threat of injury.
The person displays conduct that requires an unscheduled landing and/or the use of restraints such as ties and handcuffs.
The person repeats a prohibited conduct after receiving a notice of probation as mentioned in (b) above.
These remedies are without prejudice to the carrier’s other rights and recourses, namely to seek recovery of any damage resulting from the prohibited conduct or as otherwise provided in the carrier’s tariffs, including recourses provided in the carrier’s frequent flyer program or the filing of criminal or statutory charges.
(D) Recourse of the passenger/limitation of liability
In case of refusal to transport a passenger on a specific flight or removal of a passenger en route for any reason specified in the foregoing paragraphs, the carrier [carrier to insert their policies in respect of refunding of the passenger's unused ticket and to include the appropriate cross references to the correct tariff rule provisions for refunds].
Note to carrier: The APPR do not require that carriers provide refunds to passengers when they are refused transportation. The ATR, however, require a carrier to state its policies in respect of refunds for services purchased but not used, whether in whole or in part. Carriers are encouraged to adopt policies that ensure no passenger is left out of pocket irrespective of the fare purchased, when the carrier is unable to provide transportation on previously confirmed reservations and in keeping with Rule 105, Refusal to transport.
Notwithstanding (1) above, passengers will be entitled to all other additional rights they may have under this tariff or elsewhere or any legal rights that international passengers may have pursuant to international conventions (e.g., the Warsaw Convention or the Montreal Convention) and related treaties.
A person who is refused carriage for a period of time or to whom a probation notice is served may provide to the carrier, in writing, the reasons why they believe they no longer pose a threat to the safety or comfort of passengers or crew, or to the safety of the aircraft. Such document may be sent to the address provided in the refusal to carry notice or the notice of probation.
The carrier will respond to the passenger within a reasonable period of time providing carrier’s assessment as to whether it remains necessary to continue the ban or maintain the probation period.
Rule 115: Tickets
(A) General
A ticket will not be issued and the carrier will not carry the passenger unless the passenger has paid the applicable fare or has complied with all credit arrangements.
Before boarding, the passenger must present the carrier with proof that they have been issued a valid ticket for the flight. Such proof must be in the form of an itinerary/receipt, a record locator or reservation number, or boarding pass and the passenger must provide the carrier with positive identification to be entitled to transportation. The ticket will give the passenger the right to transportation only between the points of origin and ultimate destination, and on the dates, times and via the routing shown on the ticket.
Flight coupons will be honoured only in the order in which they are displayed on the passenger’s ticket and stored in the carrier’s database.
The ticket remains at all times the property of the carrier which issued the ticket.
The carrier does not permit the passenger to hold more than one confirmed reservation/ticket on the same departure flight/origin and destination for the same travel date.
(B) Validity for carriage
General: When validated, the ticket is good for carriage from the airport of departure to the airport of ultimate destination via the route shown on the ticket, for the applicable class of service and is valid for the period of time referred to in (2) below. The passenger will be accepted for carriage on the date and flight segments for which a seat has been reserved. When flight segments are issued on an “open ticket” basis (see (G) below), a seat will be reserved only when the passenger makes a reservation request with the carrier. The carrier’s agreement to accept a reservation request is subject to the availability of space. The place and date of issue are then indicated on the ticket.
Period of Validity: Generally, the period of validity for transportation will be one year from the date on which transportation commences at the point of origin designated on the original ticket, or, if no portion of the ticket is used, one year from the date of issuance of the original ticket. However, certain fares may have different periods of validity. If this is the case, the specific rules associated with the fare will take precedence.
Computation of the ticket validity: When computing the ticket validity i.e., the minimum/maximum stays and any other calendar periods set out in the ticket, the first day to be counted will be the day following the date that transportation commenced or that the ticket was issued.
Expiration of validity: Tickets expire at midnight on the last day of validity based on where the ticket was issued.
(C) Extension of ticket validity
Carrier’s operations: If a passenger is prevented from travelling within the period of validity of their ticket because the carrier:
cancels the flight upon which the passenger holds confirmed space;
omits a scheduled stop, provided this is the passenger’s place of departure, place of ultimate destination, or place of stopover;
fails to operate a flight reasonably according to schedule;
causes the passenger to miss a connection;
substitutes a different class of service; or
is unable to provide previously confirmed space;
the carrier will, without collecting any additional fare, extend the validity of the passenger’s ticket until the passenger can continue their travel on the first flight where space is available. Validity can only be extended up to XXX days.
Medical reason: If the passenger is unable to commence travel due to medical reasons, the carrier will extend the period of validity beyond the original validity expiry date for a maximum of XXX. A ticket can only be extended once and the extension must be requested within XXX days prior to the expiry date of the original ticket validity. The medical reason must be certified in writing by a physician specifying that the passenger is prevented from commencing their journey before their original ticket expires.
(D) Waiver minimum/maximum stay provision
In the event of death of a family member not accompanying the passenger
If the passenger holding a special fare ticket returns prior to the expiry of the minimum stay requirement because of the death of an immediate family member not accompanying the passenger, the passenger will be entitled to a refund of the additional amounts paid for transportation on the carrier's services in order to return early. However, no refund will be permitted unless the passenger produces a death certificate confirming that the death of the family member occurred after the commencement of travel.
In the event of a passenger’s death – provisions for accompanying passengers
Extension of ticket validity (beyond 1 year) for normal fares and waiver of the maximum stay requirements of special fares
The carrier will extend the ticket validity for passengers who are either members of the immediate family of the deceased passenger or are other persons actually accompanying the deceased passenger for up to XXX days beyond the original ticket validity expiry date or XXX days after the date of death of the passenger, whichever date occurs first.
A death certificate or a copy, duly executed by the competent authorities in the country in which the death occurred, must be presented at the time of re-ticketing. A competent authority is a person designated to issue a death certificate by the applicable laws of the country concerned.
If the death certificate is not available at the time the passengers are to travel, or, if the carrier has reason to doubt the validity of such certificate, passengers will be accommodated only upon payment of the fare applicable for the transportation used, and a request for refund may be filed with the carrier. Upon receipt of the request for refund and all supporting documents, the carrier will determine the validity of the request and, if valid, will refund the difference between the total fare paid by the passengers and the amount the passengers would have paid under the provision of this Rule.
Waiver of minimum stay requirements – special fares
In the event of the death of a passenger en route, the minimum stay and group travel requirements with regard to special fares will be waived for passengers who are either members of the immediate family of the deceased passenger or are other persons actually accompanying the deceased person.
Passengers who have had their minimum stay requirement waived will only be accommodated in the class of service originally ticketed.
A death certificate or a copy, duly executed by the competent authorities, in the country in which the death occurred must be presented at the time of re-ticketing. A competent authority is a person designated to issue a death certificate by the applicable laws of the country concerned.
If the death certificate is not available at the time the passengers are to travel, or, if the carrier has reason to doubt the validity of such certificate, passengers will be accommodated only upon payment of the fare applicable to the transportation used, and a request for refund may be filed with the carrier. Upon receipt of the request for refund and all supporting documents, the carrier will determine the validity of the request and, if valid, will refund the difference between the total fare paid by the passengers and the amount the passengers would have paid under the provision of this Rule.
Medical reasons and illness
Ticket extension:
In the case of Normal fares, if, after the passenger commences travel and is prevented from travelling within the period of validity of the ticket because of illness, the carrier will extend the period of validity of the passenger’s ticket until the date when the passenger becomes fit to travel according to a medical certificate. Should space not be available when the passenger becomes fit to travel, the carrier will re-accommodate the passenger on the first flight on which space is available. In all cases, travel will be in the same class of service which the passenger had originally paid to travel from the point where the journey is resumed. However, when the remaining flight coupons of the ticket involve one or more stopovers, the validity of the ticket will not be extended for more than XXX months from the date shown on the medical certificate. In these circumstances, the carrier will also extend the period of validity of the tickets of persons travelling with the incapacitated passenger.
In the case of Special fare tickets, the carrier will extend the validity of the tickets until the date of the first available flight after the passenger becomes fit to travel according to the medical certificate, but not more than XXX days beyond the date when the passenger becomes fit to travel.
Waiver of the minimum stay requirement for special fares:
In the event of illness, [carrier to stipulate their policies in this regard].
(E) Upgrading (changing from a lower to a higher fare ticket)
Before travel commences, a passenger may upgrade to a fare of higher value to travel to any of the carrier’s destinations in the world provided travel is in accordance with (3) below.
Penalties and additional charges are waived when a fare is upgraded in accordance with (1) above.
Passengers upgrading in accordance with (1) above, may do so provided:
Ticketing and advance purchase requirements of the new fare have been met;
Travel is via [Carrier name];
Reservations have been booked in the appropriate class of service of the new fare; and
The difference in fares has been paid.
After departure, the passenger holding a ticket for return, circle trip or open jaw travel may upgrade the total fare in accordance with the rules of the fare paid.
The original fare paid (including all additional charges) will be used as a full credit towards the fare for the upgraded journey.
In the event travel at the new fare is subsequently changed and/or cancelled, the higher fee(s) for either the originally purchased or new fare shall be assessed.
Exception: For travel which has been upgraded to a fare type which has no associated fees, changes may be made without additional charge; however, the cancellation fee from the original fare will be applied to the new upgraded fare.
(F) Flights in sequence
Flights appearing on the passenger’s itinerary/receipt and in the carrier’s database must be used in sequence from the place of departure as shown on the passenger’s ticket. Each flight coupon will be accepted for transportation in the class of service on the date and flight for which space has been reserved.
(G) Open tickets
If a ticket or a flight coupon is issued without a specific seat on a flight being reserved in the carrier’s reservation system, i.e. left open, space may be later reserved subject to the tariff conditions of the purchased fare and provided space is available on the flight requested.
(H) Transferability/non-transferability
[Insert policy]
Note to carrier: The carrier must set out its policies with respect to the transferability of airline tickets and whether another person can use a ticket which was issued in the name of another person.
(I) Lost tickets
[Insert policy]
Note to carrier: If the carrier issues paper tickets, it must include provisions that are set out in this tariff which address issues such as lost tickets, indemnity bonds, etc.
Part IV – After travel
Rule 120: Liability of the carrier for loss, damage to or delay of baggage, passenger delay or death or bodily injury – domestic transportation
Applicable to transportation solely within Canada, but excludes domestic segments carried as part of an international journey.
Note to carrier:
The Montreal Convention has the force of law in Canada through the Carriage by Air Act, RSC 1985, c C-26.
Limits of Liability - baggage
For loss or damaged baggage, subsection 23(1) of the APPR makes the carrier subject to the Carriage by Air Act and the carrier is liable for the compensation payable for lost or damaged baggage in accordance with that Act, as if the Act applied to domestic services.
For the temporary loss (i.e. delay) of baggage, the Federal Court of Appeal found, in International Air Transport Association v Canadian Transportation Agency,2022 FCA 211, that subsection 23(2) of the APPR is ultra vires (“beyond the powers”) of the Canada Transportation Act, SC 1996, c 10, as the Act did not explicitly provide regulation making authority related to compensation for delayed baggage. For that reason, subsection 23(2) of the APPR is now invalid.
In respect of domestic services, carriers are advised that the Agency has previously found in various past decisions that carriers' terms and conditions, as set out in their tariffs, relating to the limits of liability for the carriage of baggage should be consistent with the limits of liability established by the Montreal Convention and any of its associated principles related to damage occasioned by delay (i.e., Decision No. 483-C-A-2010, Decision No. 251-C-A-2012 and Decision No. 249-C-A-2013). Consequently, air carriers are expected to set out limits of liability and related terms and conditions in their domestic tariffs for delayed baggage which are consistent with the Montreal Convention. As such, the Sample Tariff continues to reflect the provisions of the Montreal Convention in the case of delayed baggage for domestic services.
The amounts of the liability limits set out in Rule 120 herein reflect the new revised amounts contained in the Montreal Convention that took effect on December 28th, 2019.
Refund of baggage fees for delayed baggage
As a result of the Federal Court of Appeal's decision (2022 FCA 211), the refund of baggage fees for delayed baggage, for domestic and international services, is no longer required under the APPR. In the interest of fairness, as well as consistency with the ongoing obligation to refund baggage fees in the case of lost or damaged baggage, the Agency encourages carriers to include in their tariffs' terms and conditions that indicate the carrier will refund baggage fees for delayed baggage, for both domestic and international services.
Passenger delay, death and bodily injury
The Montreal Convention sets out certain rules and liability limits for passenger delay, death and bodily injury in the case of international carriage. In respect of passenger delay, the Agency has found in certain decisions that the rules set forth in the Montreal Convention should apply to domestic services for a carrier's terms and conditions of carriage to be reasonable. The Agency has not made such determinations in the case of death or bodily injury. This liability rule for domestic transportation provides for terms and conditions which are an example of carrier best practices in case the carrier wishes to harmonize the matters of passenger delay, death and bodily injury with the Montreal Convention regime. The amounts payable are left to the carrier to determine.
(A) Successive carriers
Transportation to be performed under one ticket or under a ticket issued with any conjunction ticket by several successive carriers will be regarded as single operation.
(B) Laws and provisions applicable
Liability in the case of destruction or loss of, damage to, or delay of checked and unchecked baggage.
The carrier is liable for damages sustained in the case of destruction or loss of, damage to, or delay of checked and unchecked baggage, as provided in the following paragraphs:
Except as provided below, the liability of the carrier is limited to 1,288 Special Drawing Rights (approximately $2,350CAD) for each passenger in the case of destruction, loss or damage to baggage, whether checked or unchecked.
Except as provided below, the liability of the carrier is limited to [Insert liability limit] for each passenger in the case of delayed baggage, whether checked or unchecked.
Note to carrier : For delayed baggage, carriers are expected to set out limits of liability and related terms and conditions in their domestic tariffs which are consistent with the Montreal Convention. Language to this effect has been added to this section.
Unless the passenger proves otherwise, unchecked baggage, including personal items, shall be considered to be the property of the passenger in possession of the baggage at the time of embarkation.
The passenger may make a special declaration that their baggage has a higher value than the carrier’s maximum liability. If the passenger does so, then the passenger must make this declaration to the carrier at the time of check-in and, if required by the carrier, shall as per Rule 55(F), Excess value declaration charge, pay the supplementary charge to allow for additional liability coverage in the case of destruction, loss, damage or delay of their checked baggage.
Exception: The carrier is not liable for the declared amount if it can prove that it is greater than the passenger’s actual interest in delivery at destination.
Note to carrier: The carrier may wish to stipulate the maximum declared value it is prepared to accept. If an excess value declaration charge is applicable, it should be set out in Rule 55(F).
In the case of unchecked baggage, the carrier is liable only to the extent the damage resulted from its fault, or that of its servants or agents.
The carrier is liable for the damage sustained in case of destruction or loss of, or damage to, checked baggage upon condition only that the event which caused the destruction, loss or damage took place on-board the aircraft or during any period within which the checked baggage was in the charge of the carrier. However, the carrier is not liable if and to the extent that the damage resulted from the inherent defect, quality or vice of the baggage. Further, the carrier’s liability for the destruction, loss or damage of baggage is subject to the same terms, limitations and defences as those that are set forth in the Montreal Convention in the context of International transportation. For delayed baggage, the carrier deems that its liability is subject to the same terms, limitations and defences as those that are set forth in the Montreal Convention in the context of international transportation.
Notwithstanding the normal carrier liability as contained in this rule, the limit of liability will be waived for claims involving the injury or death of service dogs, other service animals and emotional support animals. In the event of injury or death of such an animal, compensation is to be based on the cost of the treatment or replacement value of the animal. See (5) below.
In the case of destruction or loss of, damage to, or delay of baggage, the carrier reserves all defences and limitations available in the context of international transportation under the Montreal Convention, including, but not limited to, the defence of Article 19 of the Montreal Convention, and the exoneration defence of Article 20 of the Montreal Convention. The limits of liability shall not apply in cases described in Article 22(5) of the Montreal Convention.
Refund of baggage fees
Carrier will refund to the passenger any fees paid for the transportation of the baggage that was damaged, delayed or lost.
Note to carrier: As a result of the Federal Court of Appeal's decision (2022 FCA 211), the refund of baggage fees for delayed baggage, for domestic services, is no longer required under the APPR. In the interest of fairness, as well as consistency with the ongoing obligation to refund baggage fees in the case of lost or damaged baggage, the Agency encourages carriers to include in their tariffs' terms and conditions that the carrier will refund baggage fees for delayed baggage for domestic services.
Method used for refund
Refunds per (2) above will be made in conformity with Rule 125 (A), General, and (B), Involuntary refunds and will be paid to the person who paid for the baggage fees, and will be paid using the method used for the original payment, unless::
the carrier has informed the person in writing of the monetary value of the baggage fees, and the availability of a refund by the method used for the original payment;
the refund is offered in another form that does not expire; and,
the person confirms, in writing, that the carrier has informed them of their right to receive the refund by the method used for the original payment and that the person has chosen to receive the refund in another form (e.g. a travel credit).
Refund deadline
Where a refund is required to be provided under this Rule, it will be provided within 30 days of the baggage being delayed, damaged or lost.
Mobility aids
Note to carrier: Carrier to choose from (5) or (6) below based on its declaration in Rule 5(G)(2) above.
Large Carrier ATPDR
In the event that a mobility aid of a person travelling with the aid is damaged, destroyed or lost, or is not made available to the person at their time of arrival at their destination, the carrier will without delay and at the carrier’s own expense:
provide the person with a temporary replacement mobility aid that meets their needs in relation to their mobility and that they are permitted to use until their mobility aid is returned to them or is repaired or replaced or until they are reimbursed by the carrier for the loss of the mobility aid;
reimburse the person for any expenses they have incurred because the mobility aid was damaged, destroyed or lost or because it was not made available to them at the time of their arrival at their destination;
in the case of a damaged mobility aid, arrange for the repair of the mobility aid and promptly return it to the person or, in the case of a damaged mobility aid that cannot be adequately repaired,
replace the damaged mobility aid with the same model of mobility aid or, if the same model is not available, a model that has equivalent features and qualities as the damaged mobility aid and that meets the person’s needs in relation to their mobility, or
reimburse the person for the full replacement cost of the mobility aid; and
in the case of a destroyed mobility aid or a mobility aid that is not made available to the person at the time of their arrival at their destination and that is not returned to them within 96 hours after that arrival,
replace the destroyed or lost mobility aid with the same model of mobility aid or, if the same model is not available, a model that has equivalent features and qualities as the destroyed or lost mobility aid and that meets the person’s needs in relation to their mobility, or
reimburse the person for the full replacement cost of the mobility aid.
Small Carrier Non-ATPDR
In the event that a mobility aid of a person with a disability is lost or damaged:
The air carrier will immediately provide a suitable temporary replacement without charge;
If a damaged aid can be repaired, in addition to (a) above, the air carrier will arrange, at its expense, for the prompt and adequate repair of the aid and return it to the passenger as soon as possible;
If a damaged aid cannot be repaired or is lost and cannot be located within 96 hours following the passenger’s arrival, the carrier will, in addition to (a) above, replace it with an equivalent aid satisfactory to the passenger, or reimburse the passenger for the replacement cost of the aid.
Service dogs, other service animals and emotional support animals
Should injury or death of a service dog, other service animal or emotional support animal result from the fault or negligence of the carrier, the carrier will undertake to provide, expeditiously and at its own expense, medical care for or replacement of the service dog, other service animal, or emotional support animal.
Note to carrier: The policies in this provision must align with the policies set out in Rule 69(H), Acceptance of service dogs and 69(I), Acceptance of other service animals and emotional support animals; Rule 70(H), Acceptance of service animals and 70(I), Acceptance of emotional support animals; and Rule 71(H), Acceptance of service animals and 71(I), Acceptance of emotional support animals.
Liability in the case of passenger delay
The carrier shall be liable for damage occasioned by delay in the carriage of passengers by air, as provided in the following paragraphs:
The carrier shall not be liable if it proves that it and its servants and agents took all measures that could reasonably be required to avoid the damage, or that it was impossible for it or them to take such measures.
Damages occasioned by delay are subject to any limitation or defence recognized by a Court with proper jurisdiction over a claim and also subject to the following terms, limitations and defences established by the carrier:
[Carrier to complete]
The liability of the Carrier for damage caused by delay is limited to $XXXXX CAD per passenger. The limits of liability do not apply in cases described below:
[Carrier to complete]
Liability in the case of death or bodily injury of a passenger
The carrier shall be liable for recoverable compensatory damages sustained in the case of death or bodily injury of a passenger, as provided in the following paragraphs:
The carrier shall not be able to exclude or limit its liability for damages not exceeding $XXXXXXXX for each passenger.
The carrier shall not be liable for damages to the extent that they exceed $XXXXXXX for each passenger if the carrier proves that:
Such damage was not due to the negligence or other wrongful act or omission of the carrier or its servants or agents; or
Such damage was solely due to the negligence or other wrongful act or omission of a third party.
The carrier reserves all other defences and limitations available to it recognized by a Court with proper jurisdiction over a claim.
With respect to third parties, the carrier reserves all rights of recourse against any other person, including, without limitation, rights of contribution and indemnity.
The carrier agrees that, subject to applicable law, recoverable compensatory damages for such claims may be determined by reference to the laws of the country of the domicile or country of permanent residence of the passenger.
In cases of bodily injury or death, the carrier shall make an advance payment where the carrier determines it is necessary to meet the immediate economic needs of, and hardship suffered by, a passenger as provided in the following paragraphs:
Unless a dispute arises over the identity of the person to whom an advance payment shall be made, the carrier shall, without delay, make the advance payment to the passenger in an amount or amounts determined by the carrier in its sole discretion. In the event of death of a passenger, the amount of the advance payment shall not be less than $XX,XXX, which shall be paid to a representative of the passenger’s next of kin eligible to receive such advance payment as determined by the carrier in its sole discretion.
The carrier shall make the advance payment as an advance against the carrier’s liability under this tariff. An advance payment shall not constitute recognition of liability. An advance payment shall be offset against, or deducted from the payment of, any settlement or judgment with respect to any claim for compensation on behalf of the passenger.
The carrier, in making an advance payment to any claim, does not waive any rights, defences, or limitations available to it, nor shall acceptance of an advance payment constitute a release of any claim, whatsoever, by any person.
The carrier, in making an advance payment, preserves its right to seek contribution or indemnity from any other person for such payment, which shall not be deemed to be a voluntary contribution or contractual payment on the part of the carrier.
The carrier may recover an advance payment from any person where it is proven that the carrier is not liable for any damage sustained by the passenger, or where it is proven that the person was not entitled to receive the payment, or where and to the extent that it is proven that the person who received the advance payment caused, or contributed to, the damage.
In no cases shall the carrier’s liability exceed the actual loss suffered by the passenger. All claims are subject to proof of amount of loss.
(C) Time limitations on claims and actions
Subject to applicable laws, an action for damages must be brought within two years from the date of arrival at the destination, or from the date on which the aircraft ought to have arrived, or from the date on which the carriage stopped.
A complaint to the carrier must be made in writing to the carrier within seven days from the date of receipt in the case of damage to baggage, and within 21 days from the date on which the baggage has been placed at the passenger’s disposal, in the case of delay.
Claims may be subject to proof of amount of loss; passengers may be asked to substantiate their claims.
(D) Notices
The carrier will provide each passenger on a domestic itinerary with the following written notice:
Advice to domestic passengers on carrier liability
With respect to damages related to baggage, on domestic flights, the APPR apply the same rules and liability limits as those of the Montreal Convention which may limit the liability of the carrier in respect of destruction or loss of, or damage to baggage. For delayed baggage, the carrier sets out limits of liability and related terms and conditions which are consistent with the Montreal Convention in its domestic tariff.
Note to carrier: In respect of domestic services, the APPR apply the same rules and liability limits as those found in the Montreal Convention for lost and damaged baggage. For delayed baggage, as a result of prior Agency decisions, carriers are expected to set out limits of liability and related terms and conditions in their domestic tariffs which are consistent with the Montreal Convention. This is reflected under Rule 120(B)(1) above. The rules around liability for delayed baggage has changed due to Federal Court of Appeal Decision in (2022 FCA 211). This has resulted in the repeal of certain baggage requirements under the APPR. For a complete explanation on the change that has taken place to the rules around liability for delayed baggage for domestic services, see the Note to Carrier at the beginning of this Rule 120, Liability - domestic transportation.
Rule 121: Liability of the carrier for loss, damage to or delay of baggage, passenger delay or death or bodily injury – international transportation
Applicable to international transportation to and from Canada and includes domestic segments of an international journey.
Note to carrier:
The Montreal Convention has the force of law in Canada through the Carriage by Air Act, RSC 1985, c C-26.
Limits of Liability
For loss or damaged baggage, subsection 23(1) of the APPR makes the carrier subject to the Carriage by Air Act and the carrier is liable for the compensation payable for lost or damaged baggage in accordance with that Act.
For the temporary loss (i.e. delay) of baggage, the Federal Court of Appeal found, in International Air Transport Association v Canadian Transportation Agency, 2022 FCA 211, that subsection 23(2) of the APPR is ultra vires (“beyond the powers”) of the Canada Transportation Act, SC 1996, c 10, as the Act did not explicitly provide regulation making authority related to compensation for delayed baggage. For that reason, subsection 23(2) of the APPR is now invalid.
Although subsection 23(2) of the APPR is no longer valid for international services, the Montreal Convention continues to apply in its entirety in the case of the liability limits for delayed baggage and any associated principles related to damage occasioned by delay. Carriers are therefore required to ensure that the terms and conditions of carriage in their international tariffs are consistent with the Montreal Convention. Consequently, there are no changes to the Sample Tariff for international services.
The amounts of the liability limits set out in Rule 121 herein reflect the new revised amounts contained in the Montreal Convention that took effect on December 28th, 2019.
Refund of baggage fees for delayed baggage
As a result of the Federal Court of Appeal's decision (2022 FCA 211), the refund of baggage fees for delayed baggage, for international services, is no longer required under the APPR. In the interest of fairness, as well as consistency with the ongoing obligation to refund baggage fees in the case of lost or damaged baggage, the Agency encourages carriers to include in their tariffs' terms and conditions that the carrier will refund baggage fees for delayed baggage, for international services.
(A) Successive carriers
Transportation to be performed under one ticket or under a ticket issued with any conjunction ticket by several successive carriers will be regarded as single operation.
(B) Laws and provisions applicable
Liability in the case of destruction or loss of, damage to, or delay of checked and unchecked baggage.
The carrier is liable for damages sustained in the case of destruction or loss of, damage to, or delay of checked and unchecked baggage, as provided in the following paragraphs:
Except as provided below, the liability of the carrier is limited to 1,288 Special Drawing Rights (approximately $ 2,350 CAD) for each passenger in the case of destruction, loss, damage, or delay of baggage, whether checked or unchecked, under the Warsaw Convention or the Montreal Convention, whichever may apply.
Unless the passenger proves otherwise, unchecked baggage, including personal items, shall be considered to be the property of the passenger in possession of the baggage at the time of embarkation.
The passenger may make a special declaration that their baggage has a higher value than the carrier’s maximum liability. If the passenger does so, then the passenger must make this declaration to the carrier at the time of check-in and, if required by the carrier, shall as per Rule 55(F), Excess Value Declaration Charge, pay the supplementary charge to allow for additional liability coverage in the case of destruction, loss, damage or delay of their checked baggage.
Note: This provision is not applicable to a person's mobility aid. (For tariff provisions related to the carriage of mobility aids, see (3) – (7) below).
Exception: The carrier is not liable for the declared amount if it can prove that it is greater than the passenger’s actual interest in delivery at destination.
In the case of transportation under the Warsaw Convention, no supplementary sum shall apply unless the declared amount exceeds 19 Special Drawing Rights per kilogram of the total recorded weight of the checked baggage at the time the baggage is handed to the carrier.
Note to carrier: The carrier may wish to stipulate the maximum declared value it is prepared to accept. If an excess value declaration charge is applicable, it should be set out in Rule 55(F).
In the case of unchecked baggage, the carrier is liable only to the extent the damage resulted from its fault, or that of its servants or agents.
The carrier is liable for the damage sustained in case of destruction or loss of, or damage to, checked baggage upon condition only that the event which caused the destruction, loss or damage took place on-board the aircraft or during any period within which the checked baggage was in the charge of the carrier. However, the carrier is not liable if and to the extent that the damage resulted from the inherent defect, quality or vice of the baggage. Further, the carrier’s liability for the destruction, loss, damage or delay of baggage is subject to the terms, limitations and defences set forth in the Warsaw Convention and the Montreal Convention, whichever may apply, in addition to any limitation of defence recognized by a Court with proper jurisdiction over claim.
The carrier reserves all defences and limitations under the Warsaw Convention and the Montreal Convention, whichever may apply to such claims including, but not limited to, the defence of Article 20 of the Warsaw Convention and Article 19 of the Montreal Convention, and the exoneration defence of Article 21 of the Warsaw Convention and Article 20 of the Montreal Convention, except that the carrier shall not invoke Article 22(2) and 22(3) of the Warsaw Convention in a manner inconsistent with paragraph (1) above. The limits of liability shall not apply in cases described in Article 25 of the Warsaw Convention or Article 22(5) of the Montreal Convention, whichever may apply.
Refund of baggage fees
Carrier will refund to the passenger any fees paid for the transportation of the baggage that was delayed, damaged or lost.
Note to carrier: As a result of the Federal Court of Appeal's decision (2022 FCA 211, the refund of baggage fees for delayed baggage, for domestic and international services, is no longer required under the APPR. In the interest of fairness, as well as consistency with the ongoing obligation to refund baggage fees in the case of lost or damaged baggage, the Agency encourages carriers to include in their tariffs' terms and conditions that the carrier will refund baggage fees for delayed baggage, for both domestic and international services.
Method used for refund
Refunds per (2) above will be made in conformity with Rule 125 (A), General, and (B), Involuntary refunds and will be paid to the person who paid for the baggage fees, and will be paid using the method used for the original payment, unless:
the carrier has informed the person in writing of the monetary value of the baggage fees, and the availability of a refund by the method used for the original payment;
the refund is offered in another form that does not expire; and,
the person confirms, in writing, that the carrier has informed them of their right to receive the refund by the method used for the original payment and that the person has chosen to receive the refund in another form (e.g. a travel credit).
Refund deadline
(Where a refund is required to be provided under this Rule, it will be provided within 30 days of the baggage being delayed, damaged or lost.
Mobility aids
Note to carrier: Carrier to choose from (5) or (6) below based on its declaration in Rule 5(G)(2) above.
Large Carrier ATPDR
In the event that a mobility aid of a person travelling with the aid is damaged, destroyed or lost, or is not made available to the person at their time of arrival at their destination, the carrier will without delay and at the carrier’s own expense:
provide the person with a temporary replacement mobility aid that meets their needs in relation to their mobility and that they are permitted to use until their mobility aid is returned to them or is repaired or replaced or until they are reimbursed by the carrier for the loss of the mobility aid;
reimburse the person for any expenses they have incurred because the mobility aid was damaged, destroyed or lost or because it was not made available to them at the time of their arrival at their destination;
in the case of a damaged mobility aid, arrange for the repair of the mobility aid and promptly return it to the person or, in the case of a damaged mobility aid that cannot be adequately repaired,
replace the damaged mobility aid with the same model of mobility aid or, if the same model is not available, a model that has equivalent features and qualities as the damaged mobility aid and that meets the person’s needs in relation to their mobility, or
reimburse the person for the full replacement cost of the mobility aid; and
in the case of a destroyed mobility aid or a mobility aid that is not made available to the person at the time of their arrival at their destination and that is not returned to them within 96 hours after that arrival,
replace the destroyed or lost mobility aid with the same model of mobility aid or, if the same model is not available, a model that has equivalent features and qualities as the destroyed or lost mobility aid and that meets the person’s needs in relation to their mobility, or
reimburse the person for the full replacement cost of the mobility aid.
If a person with a disability who uses a mobility aid makes a reservation for transportation on an international service, the air carrier will advise the person of the option to make a special declaration of interest, under Article 22(2) of the Montreal Convention or under Article 22(2) of the Warsaw Convention, that sets out the monetary value of the mobility aid and a description of its identifying features.
The carrier will permit a person with a disability to make the special declaration of interest, at no additional charge to the person, at any time before the mobility aid is removed by the carrier for storage in the aircraft’s baggage compartment.
In respect of limits of liability for mobility aids in this rule, pursuant to Article 25 of the Montreal Convention or under Article 22(1) of the Warsaw Convention, the carrier stipulates [that the contract of carriage shall be subject to higher limits of liability than those provided for in the applicable Convention.] or [that there are no limits of liability whatsoever.]
Note to carrier: Carriers are strongly encouraged to use a waiver as provided for in (8).
Small Carrier Non-ATPDR
In the event that a mobility aid of a person with a disability is lost or damaged:
The air carrier will immediately provide a suitable temporary replacement without charge;
If a damaged aid can be repaired, in addition to (a) above, the air carrier will arrange, at its expense, for the prompt and adequate repair of the aid and return it to the passenger as soon as possible;
If a damaged aid cannot be repaired or is lost and cannot be located within 96 hours following the passenger’s arrival, the carrier will in addition to (a) above:
replace it with an equivalent aid satisfactory to the passenger, or
reimburse the passenger for the replacement cost of the aid, subject to the application of the Warsaw or Montreal Convention, whichever is applicable, and any special declaration of interest completed and made with the carrier by the passenger with a disability.
Note to carrier: Carriers are encouraged to provide a person with a disability travelling with a mobility aid the option to make a special declaration of interest, under Article 22(2) of the Montreal Convention or under Article 22(2) of the Warsaw Convention, that sets out the monetary value of the mobility aid and a description of its identifying features.
Service dogs, other service animals and emotional support animals
If a person with a disability who uses a service dog, other service animal, or emotional support animal makes a reservation for transportation on an international service, the air carrier will advise the person of the option to make a special declaration of interest, under Article 22(2) of the Montreal Convention or under Article 22(2) of the Warsaw Convention, that sets out the monetary value of the animal.
Note to carrier: Note to carrier: Select either (11) or (12) below depending on your policy. Carriers are strongly encouraged to use a waiver as provided for in (12).
The carrier will permit a person with a disability to make the special declaration of interest, at no additional charge to the person, at any time before the service dog, other service animal or emotional support animal is carried by the carrier.
In respect of limits of liability for service dogs, other service animals and emotional support animals in this rule, pursuant to Article 25 of the Montreal Convention or under Article 22(1) of the Warsaw Convention, the carrier will stipulate [that the contract of carriage shall be subject to higher limits of liability than those provided for in the applicable Convention.] or [that there are no limits of liability whatsoever.]
Should injury or death of a service dog, other service animal, or emotional support animal result from the fault or negligence of the carrier, the carrier will undertake to provide expeditiously, and at its own expense, medical care for or replacement of the service dog, other service animal or emotional support animal.
Liability in the case of passenger delay
The carrier shall be liable for damage occasioned by delay in the carriage of passengers by air, as provided in the following paragraphs:
The carrier shall not be liable if it proves that it and its servants and agents took all measures that could reasonably be required to avoid the damage, or that it was impossible for it or them to take such measures.
Damages occasioned by delay are subject to the terms, limitations and defences set forth in the Warsaw Convention and the Montreal Convention, whichever may apply, in addition to any limitation or defence recognized by a Court with proper jurisdiction over a claim.
The carrier reserves all defences and limitations available under the Warsaw Convention or the Montreal Convention, whichever may apply to claims for damage occasioned by delay, including, but not limited to, the exoneration defence of Article 21 of the Warsaw Convention and Article 20 of the Montreal Convention. Under the Montreal Convention, the liability of the carrier for damage caused by delay is limited to 5,346 Special Drawing Rights per passenger. The limits of liability shall not apply in cases described in Article 25 of the Warsaw Convention or Article 22(5) of the Montreal Convention, whichever may apply.
Liability in the case of death or bodily injury of a passenger
The carrier shall be liable under Article 17 of the Warsaw Convention or the Montreal Convention, whichever may apply, for recoverable compensatory damages sustained in the case of death or bodily injury of a passenger, as provided in the following paragraphs:
The carrier shall not be able to exclude or limit its liability for damages not exceeding 128,821 Special Drawing Rights for each passenger.
The carrier shall not be liable for damages to the extent that they exceed 128,821 Special Drawing Rights for each passenger if the carrier proves that:
Such damage was not due to the negligence or other wrongful act or omission of the carrier or its servants or agents; or
Such damage was solely due to the negligence or other wrongful act or omission of a third party.
With respect to third parties, the carrier reserves all rights of recourse against any other person, including, without limitation, rights of contribution and indemnity.
The carrier agrees that, subject to applicable law, recoverable compensatory damages for such claims may be determined by reference to the laws of the country of the domicile or country of permanent residence of the passenger.
In cases of bodily injury or death, the carrier shall make an advance payment where the carrier determines it is necessary to meet the immediate economic needs of, and hardship suffered by, a passenger as provided in the following paragraphs:
Unless a dispute arises over the identity of the person to whom an advance payment shall be made, the carrier shall, without delay, make the advance payment to the passenger in an amount or amounts determined by the carrier in its sole discretion. In the event of death of a passenger, the amount of the advance payment shall not be less than 16,000 Special Drawing Rights, which shall be paid to a representative of the passenger’s next of kin eligible to receive such advance payment as determined by the carrier in its sole discretion.
The carrier shall make the advance payment as an advance against the carrier’s liability under the Warsaw Convention, or the Montreal Convention, whichever may apply. An advance payment shall not constitute recognition of liability. An advance payment shall be offset against, or deducted from the payment of, any settlement or judgment with respect to any claim for compensation on behalf of the passenger.
The carrier, in making an advance payment, does not waive any rights, defences, or limitations available under the Warsaw Convention, or the Montreal Convention, whichever may apply, to any claim, nor shall acceptance of an advance payment constitute a release of any claim, whatsoever, by any person.
The carrier, in making an advance payment, preserves its right to seek contribution or indemnity from any other person for such payment, which shall not be deemed to be a voluntary contribution or contractual payment on the part of the carrier.
The carrier may recover an advance payment from any person where it is proven that the carrier is not liable for any damage sustained by the passenger, or where it is proven that the person was not entitled to receive the payment, or where and to the extent that it is proven that the person who received the advance payment caused, or contributed to, the damage.
(C) Time limitations on claims and actions
Under the Warsaw Convention and the Montreal Convention, whichever may apply, an action for damages must be brought within two years from the date of arrival at the destination, or from the date on which the aircraft ought to have arrived, or from the date on which the carriage stopped.
A complaint to the carrier must be made in writing to the carrier within 7 days from the date of receipt in the case of damage to baggage, and 21 days in the case of delay from which the baggage has been placed at the passenger’s disposal.
Claims may be subject to proof of amount of loss and passengers may be asked to substantiate their claims.
(D) Notices
The carrier will provide each passenger whose transportation is governed by the Warsaw Convention or the Montreal Convention with the following notice:
Advice to International Passengers on Carrier Liability
Passengers on a journey involving an ultimate destination or a stop in a country other than the country of departure are advised that international treaties known as the Montreal Convention, or its predecessor, the Warsaw Convention, including its amendments, may apply to the entire journey, including any portion thereof within a country. For such passengers, the treaty, including special contracts of carriage embodied in applicable tariffs, governs and may limit the liability of the carrier in respect of death or injury to passengers, and for destruction or loss of, or damage to, baggage, and for delay of passengers and baggage.
Note to carrier: Both the US and EU have specific notice language that they require be reproduced by the carrier pursuant to their own regulations. Carriers are responsible for obtaining the most recent versions of such notices from the relevant government authorities.
Mobility aids are considered as baggage for transportation on an international service for purposes of limits of liability. The air carrier will advise the person of the option to make a special declaration of interest, under Article 22(2) of the Montreal Convention or under Article 22(2) of the Warsaw Convention, that sets out the monetary value of the mobility aid and a description of its identifying features.
The carrier will offer at no additional charge to a person with a disability the option to make the special declaration of interest, at any time before the mobility aid is removed by the carrier for storage in the aircraft’s baggage compartment.
Rule 125: Refunds
(A) General
The passenger must present to the carrier or its authorized agent the unused flight coupons of a ticket, an itinerary/receipt, a record locator, or a reservation number as satisfactory proof that the passenger has unused portions of a ticket which are eligible for refund, or the passenger is entitled to a refund for the difference in cost for a lower class of service, or has a receipt demonstrating payment of additional services purchased but not used.
The carrier will make a refund to the person who purchased the ticket or the additional services.
If, at the time of the purchase of the ticket or the additional services, the purchaser designates another person to whom the refund shall be made, then the refund will be made to the person so designated. To do so, the purchaser must contact the carrier directly.
Refund deadline
Where a refund is required to be provided under this Rule pursuant to the APPR, it will be provided within 30 days after the day on which the carrier becomes obligated to provide the refund.
In all other situations where a refund is provided under the Rule, [insert your policy on refund deadlines].
Method used for refund
Pursuant to the APPR , refunds will be paid to the person who purchased the ticket or the additional service, and will be paid using the method used for the original payment, unless:
the carrier has informed the person in writing of the monetary value of the original ticket or additional service, and the availability of a refund by the method used for the original payment;
the refund is offered in another form that does not expire; and,
the person confirms, in writing, that the carrier has informed them of their right to receive the refund by the method used for the original payment and that the person has chosen to receive the refund in another form (e.g. a travel credit).
Note to carrier: The above provision is specific to the APPR. However, carriers may wish to use provision (6) more generally for other situations where refunds must be provided.
(B) Involuntary refunds
Involuntary refunds for additional services purchased are not subject to any restrictions and the carrier will refund the entire value of the additional service paid.
Involuntary refunds are not subject to any restrictions contained in the applicable fare rule.
If no portion of the ticket has been used, the refund will be the full amount of the fare and charges paid, in case of a:
delay or cancellation – outside the carrier’s control, within the carrier’s control and within the carrier's control but required for safety purposes (as governed by Rule 90: Delay or cancellation – outside the carrier’s control, Rule 91, Delay or cancellation – within the carrier's control and within the carrier's control but required for safety purposes); or,
denial of boarding – within the carrier’s control and within the carrier's control but required for safety purposes (as governed by Rule 96, Denial of boarding – within the carrier's control and within the carrier's control but required for safety purposes); or
[insert other situations where an involuntary refund is applicable].
If a portion of the ticket has been used, the carrier will refund the unused portion of the ticket, prorated based on mileage in the case of a:
delay or cancellation – outside the carrier’s control, within the carrier’s control and within the carrier's control but required for safety purposes (as governed by Rule 90: Delay or cancellation – outside the carrier’s control, Rule 91, Delay or cancellation – within the carrier's control and within the carrier's control but required for safety purposes); or,
denial of boarding – within the carrier’s control and within the carrier's control but required for safety purposes (as governed by Rule 96, Denial of boarding – within the carrier's control and within the carrier's control but required for safety purposes); or
[insert other situations where an involuntary refund is applicable].
The involuntary refund of tickets shall be made in the currency used to issue the ticket. However, Canadian dollar refunds or refunds in another currency, if possible, may be made at the request of the passenger, provided a refund in such currency is not prohibited by local government foreign exchange control regulations.
Note to carrier: The APPR obligate a carrier to provide refunds of airline tickets in cases of flight delays and cancellations within the carrier’s control and outside the carrier’s control, and for denied boarding situations within the carrier’s control. The APPR also provide for refunds for any additional services or for the difference in cost for a lower class of service for any situation covered by the APPR. However, the APPR do not require that carriers provide a refund in respect of any unused portions of an airline ticket when a passage is denied boarding for situations outside the carrier's control, or when they are refused transportation. Nevertheless, the ATR require a carrier to state its policies in respect of refunds for any unused portion of a ticket or other additional services not accounted for by APPR or any difference in the cost of a lower class of service where this change is made as a result of a request by a passenger. The ATR also require a carrier to state its policies in respect of refunds for services purchased but not used, whether in whole or in part. Carriers are encouraged to adopt policies that ensure no passenger is left out of pocket.
(C) Voluntary refunds
Voluntary refunds for additional services purchased are subject to any restrictions the carrier has stipulated in this tariff and a refund will be made in accordance with those associated restrictions.
Voluntary refunds will be based on the applicable fare at the time of ticket issuance, and the refund will be made in accordance with any restrictions contained in the applicable fare rule.
Voluntary refunds will be made only by the carrier which originally issued the ticket or its authorized agent.
If no portion of a ticket has been used, the refund will be full amount of the fare paid less any cancellation fee and/or service charge based on the fare purchased by the passenger.
If a portion of the ticket has been used, the refund will be an amount equal to the difference between the fare paid and the applicable fare for travel between the points for which the ticket has been used, less any cancellation fee and/or service charge based on the fare purchased by the passenger.
Voluntary refund of tickets shall be made in the currency used to issue the ticket. However, Canadian dollar refunds or refunds in another currency, if possible, may be made at the request of the passenger, provided a refund in such currency is not prohibited by local government foreign exchange control regulations.
Non-refundable tickets can be exchanged for a future ticket for up to one year from the ticket issue date as long as the reservation is cancelled on or before the first travel date on the ticket.
(D) Time limit for requesting a refund
The passenger has [Insert period of time] after the expiration of ticket validity to request a refund for goods and services purchased but not used.
For a service charge of $XXX CAD, a partially used ticket may be refunded more than one month after the expiry date shown on the ticket but not later than one year from the date of issuance of the original ticket.
For a service charge of $XXX CAD, an unused ticket may be refunded more than one month after the expiry date shown on the ticket but not later than two years from the date of issuance of the original ticket.
(E) Refunds in the case of death
When transportation is cancelled as a result of the death of the passenger, a member of the immediate family or travelling companion, the refund will apply as follows:
Refunds in the case of death are not subject to any restrictions contained in the applicable fare rules.
If no portion of a ticket has been used, the amount of refund will be equal to the fare and charges paid.
If a portion of the ticket has been used, the refund will be equal to the difference between the fare paid and the applicable fare for travel between the points for which the ticket has been used and will not be subject to any cancellation fee and/or service charge.
Refunds will only be made upon presentation of the unused coupon(s) and death certificate, or a copy duly executed by the competent authorities (i.e. those designated to issue a death certificate by the applicable laws of the country concerned), in the country in which the death occurred.
In the case of death of the passenger, the refund will be made to the estate of the passenger.
(F) Jury duty
In the event the passenger is called to jury duty or subpoenaed, a full refund will apply upon presentation of jury summons or subpoena. No other document will be accepted.
(G) Refusal to refund
When a voluntary refund of the ticket is requested, the carrier may refuse to refund the passenger’s ticket if that ticket is presented for refund after its validity has expired.
For tickets involving international transportation, certain countries limit the amount of time the passenger may stay in a particular country without a visa or other official government documentation granting permission to stay for an extended period of time. As long as the passenger is able to prove that they have received government permission to remain in the country or are departing the country on another carrier or by other means of transport, they shall be provided with a refund for any unused coupon(s).